自無形學院擴散網絡探討海洋漁業科學家合作行為之研究

本研究旨在自無形學院擴散網絡探討海洋漁業科學家合作行為之研究，分析的面向包含智識競爭、資訊使用環境、非正式學術傳播、社會關係以及合作管理等五個構面。本研究取徑於質性研究，訪談對象為服務於水產試驗所、中央研究院、國立海洋生物博物館、國立臺灣大學以及國立海洋大學的海洋漁業科學家，共計有27人，訪談時間自2016年1月至2017年4月，平均訪談時間是一個小時，採用質性研究分析軟體MAXQDA 12輔助分析訪談結果，據以提出五項結論：（一）智識遷徙、學術通勤、學術搜尋以及挑戰解決問題的特性，說明智識競爭是形塑海洋漁業科學家無形學院的專業實踐行為；（二）出版發表是學術資訊使用的主要目的，影響資訊使用環境的變動；（三）海洋漁業具備做中學的學科特性，偏好面對面討論解決問題，非正式傳播是科學進展的基礎；（四）師承關係是延續學術社交圈的重要角色，社會關係是支撐學術合作的核心脈絡；（五）以口頭承諾分配貢獻度，在無形學院的社交網絡裡，信任非正式的合作管理文化。基於研究結果，提出建議如下：（一）與辦國際研討會或邀請訪問學者以增進國際交流；（二）建構組織溝通網絡；（三）建立非正式學習環境促進社交網絡的擴散；（四）建置海洋漁業科學家專家知識庫。

關鍵字

無形學院；科學合作；海洋漁業科學家

並列摘要

This study aims at exploring the collaboration behaviors among fishery scientists with perspectives of invisible college diffusion networks. This study adopts a qualitative approach to analyze multiple dimensions including intellectual competition, information use environment, informal communication, social relationship and collaboration governance. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 fishery scientists at Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan Ocean University and National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium during 2016 and 2017. Each interview lasted for one hour on average. Qualitative data collected are analyzed with MAXQDA software. My research results are summarized in the following: 1) The essential components of intellectual competition include intellectual migration, scientific commuter, academic search and solutions for research problems. These components reveal that intellectual competition is shaping the invisible college and professional practice. 2) Fishery scientists increasingly publish scientific reports in digital database. In term of the information use environment, they shift from using printed reports to digital copies. 3) Informal communication is the basis of scientific progress. Fisheries scientists prefer face-to-face communication; learning-by-doing is their common and core characteristic. 4) Master/apprentice relationship plays an important role in enlarging academic circles, maintaining social relationships that support scientific collaboration. 5) Fishery scientists used verbal communication as a way to assign academic credits among themselves. Therefore, they need to build trust relationships based on informal collaborative governance in invisible college networks. I have four suggestions based on my research results. First, research institutions can host more international conferences or invite more visiting scholars to create research visibility. Second, fishery scientists can establish their own organizations or networks to facilitate mutual communication. Third, they can establish an informal learning environment to enhance the diffusion of such social networks. Fourth, research institutions can create a fishery expert knowledge database.