內隱信念、虛擬實境中的專注力及空間能力、設計心流體驗與圖形創意表現：模式建構與驗證

智能信念雖然已被用來解釋對於認知、行為與創造力結果的影響性，但應用於創造力研究仍屬於少數，且過去多集中於成年人族群，對於未成年族群的討論則較少被關注。因此，為能有效擴展智能信念對於未成年學習者創意表現的影響性之理解。本研究在基於內隱智能理論的基礎下，提出八條研究假設路徑進行探析，以及一個研究模式進行驗證。為達研究目的，本研究應用調查研究方法及實驗設計，經由立意取樣方式，邀請新北市某一技術型高中廣告設計科一年級與二年級學生參與本研究。首先參與者二款VR學習評量系統進行專注力及空間能力表現評量，接著進行圖形創作以及問卷填寫。而研究刪除無效的數據資料後，有效樣本數為273份（有效回收率88.9%），接著再藉由SPSS 23.0進行信度與效度分析、差異性分析，以及應用AMOS 20.0進行整體適配度分析與研究模型驗證，並針對學習者應用操作VR的成果表現，進行能力表現的描述性統計分析。研究結果顯示：一、美感智能發展信念對於專注力表現及空間能力表現具有正影響；二、空間智能固化信念對於專注力表現及空間能力表現具有負影響；三、專注力表現對於空間能力表現及設計心流體驗具有正影響；四、空間能力表現對於設計心流體驗具有正影響；五、設計心流體驗對於圖形創意表現具有正影響。最後，本研究依據分析結果提出研究討論、研究結論、理論性與實務性之建議、後續研究建議，以及研究貢獻。

關鍵字

心流體驗；空間能力；專注力；創意表現；智能信念

並列摘要

Although intelligent beliefs have been used to explain the effect on the results of cognition, behavior and creativity. However, there are only a few studies related to alternative creativity and these studies mostly focused on the adult ethnic group. Therefore, in order to effectively expand the understanding of the effect in intelligent beliefs on minor learners. This study, based on the basis of intelligent implicit theory, proposed eight research hypothetical paths to analyze and verify the research model. Therefore, in order to achieve the research purpose, this study applied survey research methods and experimental design. The participants were recruited using purposive sampling method, inviting grade 10 and grade 11 that studied advertising and designs in a technical high school in New Taipei City. Participants first evaluated the performance of concentration and spatial ability by two virtual reality (VR) learning evaluation systems, then printed graphic creation and then filled out the questionnaires. After the deletion of invalid data, the valid data were 273 (88.9%). The valid data were then analyzed using SPSS 23.0 to conduct reliability and validity analysis and t test analysis. In addition, AMOS 20.0 was used for overall fitness analysis, research model verification, learner’s VR application operating performance and descriptive statistical analysis to explore learners’ ability performance. The results of the study show that: 1. Incremental brief of aesthetic Intelligence have a positive effect on VR concentration performance and VR spatial performance; 2. Entity brief of spatial intelligence have a negative effect on VR concentration performance and VR spatial performance; 3. VR concentration performance has a positive effect on VR spatial performance and design flow experience; 4. VR spatial performance has a positive effect on design flow experience; 5. The design flow experience has a positive effect on graphic creative performance. Finally, based on the analysis results, this research proposes research discussions, research conclusions, theoretical and practical recommendations, follow-up research recommendations, and research contributions.