李白清麗詩風的呈現：李白詩與南朝「清商曲辭」、「相和歌辭」、 《玉臺新詠》詩歌互文研究

Elegant Poetry of Li Bai: Study of the Intertextuality between Li Bai's Poems and Qing Shang Qu Ci, Xianghe Lyrics, New Songs from the Jade Terrace in Southern Dynasties

黃舜彬(Huang Shun-Pin)

指導教授 ： 蕭麗華

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/國文學系/博士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202203966

摘要

本論文借用西方「互文性」與「誤讀」理論，以比較文學的視角，探討李白詩與同題的南朝詩歌：民間樂府與文人宮體詩的互文關係。旨在探討南朝詩歌對於李白詩的意義，進而能更確立了李白詩的新義。全文說明李白這個中國詩壇上無人匹敵的耀眼巨星，其詩之所以能橫出於歷代眾作之上、且傲視千古而為萬人師範，南朝詩歌給予他系統性的種種養料與觸發。全文除緒論、結論外，共分為七章。分別探討李白詩與南朝樂府中「清商曲辭」、「相和歌辭」、《玉臺新詠》同題詩作，呈現出李白詩透過對南朝詩歌的洗禮後，所呈現「清麗詩風」的種種面向，以及對他人生功業的意義。最後，歸納出李白「清麗詩風」有以下八項意涵。
（一）李白運用南朝詩歌中的地域、風土、節候與植物物產為底蘊，形成詩
歌之清麗性。它對南朝詩歌是旋入旋出的。
（二）「清麗詩風」展現於李白的「女子書寫」、「言志書寫」。如前所言，也
創造了新的「香草美人」藝術手法，成就了有別於曹植以降的「香草
美人」新典式。
（三）李白的新「香草美人」之歌，就女子圖像的營構上，乃是加入南朝綺
麗元素，進行了混血式的撿棄創造；故而與舊傳統有別。
（四）女圖也對漢魏庶女與仕女，甚至是漢魏詩人的心志，有著若即若離的
繫聯，故而詩中也呈現著這些漢魏圖像的文本倒影。此外還有些許南
朝女伎情婦的風韻，綜合此二者拼貼成為「李白式」的女圖。
（五）「清麗詩風」就是由前述「女相男志」的美人圖像群所建構而成，是他
化身麗女容姿，以迂代直的心志賦陳。
（六）李白詩中的女子書寫都是「嚴妝｣，是男子才德兼美、德高脩能的託喻
。
（七）李白的美人圖像群，分別展現李白的風神、襟抱、治才與政教關懷，
更表現了他積極奮發的求仕信念，斯二者都是他傲麗的心志展現。
（八）本「清麗詩風」的呈現，乃是透過李白詩與南朝「清商曲辭」、「相和
歌辭」、《玉臺新詠》宮體詩的互文對照後，所突顯出的詩歌新義，這
只是他「清麗詩學」的面向與意涵之一。

關鍵字

李白詩 ； 清麗詩風 ； 玉臺新詠 ； 相和歌辭 ； 清商曲辭 ； 互文

並列摘要

This dissertation discusses the intertextuality between Li Bai's poems and Southern Dynasties poetry (folk-poetry and palace-style poetry) via the western intertextuality theory and misreading theory and from the viewpoint of comparative literature in order to explore the impacts of Southern Dynasties poetry on Li Bai's poems and further establish the new senses of Li Bai's poems. It probes into the systematic nourishment and inspiration of Southern Dynasties poetry to Li Bai, the unmatched superstar in Chinese poetry whose poems towered over all the other poetry in all ages and became an everlasting model for the world. The dissertation consists of seven chapters such as Introduction, Conclusion and others, respectively discussing Li Bai's Poems and Qing Shang Qu Ci, Xianghe Lyrics, New Songs from the Jade Terrace in Southern Dynasties as well as the various dimensions of the elegant poetry of Li Bai after undergoing the experience of Southern Dynasties poetry and the impact of which on Li Bai's life achievements. In the end, this dissertation summarizes a total of eight implications of Li Bai' elegant poetry.
(1) The elegance of Li Bai' poems comes from his absorption of the images of geography, customs, climate and plants in Southern Dynasties poetry, which is thus closely associated with Southern Dynasties poetry.
(2) Li Bai's elegant poetry is embedded in his "poems of women" and "poems expressing aspirations". In addition, he developed new means of artistic expression via "fragrant flower and beautiful woman images", contributing to a new poetry model that is different from the "fragrant flower and beautiful woman images" established since Cao Zhi.
(3) The creation and construction of women images in the new poetry form of "fragrant flower and beautiful woman images" by Li Bai includes the beautiful and gorgeous elements of Southern Dynasties with both rejections and innovations which differentiates it from the old traditions.
(4) The women images in poetry are also associated with the daughter of concubine and intelligent and beautiful woman and even the will of poets in Chinese Han and Wei Dynasty, which is embedded in Li Bai' poems. In particular, women images of "Li Bai-style" are developed with the combination of the aforementioned women images in Han and Wei Dynasties and the concubine and fancy women images in Southern Dynasties.
(5) Li Bai's Elegant poetry is composed of the aforementioned beauty images bearing "man's aspirations in women images" and an circuitous rather than straightforward expression of will.
(6) The "women images" in Li Bai's poems are all dressed smartly and represented a metaphor of men having both talent and virtue.
(7) The beauty images in Li Bai's poems respectively demonstrate the romance, aspiration, statesmanship and national consciousness of Li Bai as well as his strenuous faith in official career, both of which an expression of his grand and imposing will.
(8) The exploration of the elegant poetry of Li Bai in this dissertation focuses on the new senses of his poems via the intertextual comparison with the palace-style poetry Qing Shang Qu Ci, Xianghe Lyrics, New Songs from the Jade Terrace in Southern Dynasties, which represents only one of the many implications of his elegant poetry.

並列關鍵字

Li Bai' poems ； elegant poetry ； Jade Terrace poetry ； Xianghe Lyrics ； Qing Shang Qu Ci ； intertextuality

參考文獻

一、古代典籍

【漢】司馬遷著、瀧川龜太郎會注：《史記會註考證》，臺北：洪氏出版社，1986

年9月

【漢】班固著、【唐】顏師古注：《漢書》，臺北：啟業書局，1978年

【漢】揚雄著、汪榮寶注：《法言義疏》，北京；中華書局，1997年10月