形式-生命，情度，與非人類：愛蜜莉迪瑾蓀詩中的普世特異

Form-of-Life, Intensity, and the Inhuman: Universal Singularity in Emily Dickinson's Poems

李廼澔(Lee Nai-Hao)

指導教授 ： 史文生

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/英語學系/博士(2016年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202204123

摘要

本論文旨在透過「普世特異」這個概念來評析美國文藝復興女詩人愛蜜莉迪瑾蓀的詩。其中特別以形式-生命，情度，與非人類等概念來討論。論文中所談的「普世」指的並不是普遍的，而指的是絕對而沒有緣由的。而「特異」指的則是在讀者在閱讀迪瑾蓀的詩感知或經驗中所「發生」的(像是一種「事件」)。本論文試圖說明為何人們，尤其是受過批判理論訓練過的人們，會發現迪瑾蓀的詩是如此地「不同」。死亡，這個在她詩中不斷重覆出現的主題，實際上是在我們所熟悉的一切與永生或空無間的過渡點。因此有理論家指出，迪瑾蓀的詩並不符合一般被視為標準卻無疑是有著重重限制的「偉大文學」。事實上我相信迪瑾蓀的詩與當代理論有著密切的關係。在某些方面而言，她的詩甚至預想到了許多當代文學理論的關鍵主題。的確，細讀她的詩就好像在「經歷現存模式中的缺口與未曾提及的」，更甚者，去「重新定義這些模式」。因為我要檢視的是：迪瑾蓀如何能夠在她的詩中啟動和活化其「普世特異」以對抗那一切過度抽象與同一不變的，並且在這些詩中尋找擺脫桎梏而脫身而出的文學「真理」。

關鍵字

愛蜜莉迪瑾蓀 ； 阿岡本 ； 德勒茲 ； 巴迪烏 ； 非人類 ； 形式-生命 ； 普世特異

並列摘要

This dissertation sets out to interpret some of Emily Dickinson's more "difficult" poems via the conception of universal singularity, and more specifically the theories of form-of-life, intensity, and the inhuman. The "universal" does not mean "general" in this dissertation but rather what is absolute and without cause, and singularity means that which occurs (as a sort of event) in the perception or experience of readers when they read Dickinson's poems. The dissertation attempts to show why people, especially those trained in critical theory, find Dickinson’s poetry so "different." Death, a recurrent theme in her poems, is in effect the transitional point between the familiar and either immortality or nothingness. Helen McNeil believes Dickinson’s poems suggest that the poet did not fit the received model of "literary greatness"--which was no doubt too restrictive. In fact, I believe Dickinson’s poetry bears a close relation to, and in some ways seems even to predict, some of the key themes in contemporary literary theory. Indeed, to read her poetry closely is “to experience gaps and silences in the existing models” and even "to redefine these models." Therefore, I am looking at how Dickinson mobilizes, in her poems, universal singularity against abstraction and communitarianism, and seeking to show how from these poems emerges literary "truth".

並列關鍵字

Emily Dickinson ； Giorgio Agamben ； Gillee Deleuze ； Alain Badiou ； inhuman ； form-of-life ； universal singularity

參考文獻

Acampora, Christa Davis. Contesting Nietzsche. Chicago: Chicago UP., 2013. Print.

Agamben, Giorgio. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford UP., 1998. Print.

—. Means without Ends: Notes on Politics. Trans. Vincenzo Binetti and Cesare Casarino. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP., 2000. Print.

—. Nudities. Trans. David Kishik and Stefan Pedatella. Stanford: Stanford UP., 2011. Print.

—. Potentialities. Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1999. Print.