Horace Mann（1796-1859）公共教育思想與實踐

本研究旨在探究美國公共教育運動關鍵領導人物Horace Mann的公共教育思想，及探究Mann在師資培育之改革實踐。本研究採用歷史研究法以及文件檔案分析法，得出以下結論：一、美國公共教育之普及發展主要源自對十九世紀美國政治、經濟、社會等結構面向變動之回應。二、Mann公共教育思想受到美國共和理念、美德典範與顱相學思想的影響。三、Mann倡議教育乃維繫民主社會之基石，申論教育的天賦權利性質，並視教育為傳遞知識與道德之理想途徑。四、Mann主張公共教育目標旨在培育理想的共和國公民、擴大全民教育機會，以及發展人民的知識與道德。五、Mann強調公共教育運作須健全公共教育體系發展、改善公共學校教學效能，同時落實學校委員會之治理職責。六、Mann促成麻州師範學校之設立，視健全師資培育之制度為公共教育發展之必要條件。最後，本研究根據上述研究結果，提出可供國內未來教育發展參酌之相關建議。

關鍵字

Horace Mann ；公共教育；師資培育改革；教育史

並列摘要

This study attempts to explore the educational thought and practice of Horace Mann (1796-1859), a key figure in the public education movement in the United States, and explore his role in the reform of teacher training. For that purpose, the research method adapted here is historical research and document analysis. Conclusions are as follows: First, the development of common school education mainly resulted from structural shifts in the political, economic, and social aspects of the United States in the 19th century. Second, Mann's educational thought was influenced by phrenology, republicanism, and paragons of virtue in the United States. Third, Mann believed that education is the cornerstone for a democratic society, argued for the right to receive an education, and regarded education as the ideal way to convey knowledge and morality. Fourth, Mann held that common school education aims at cultivating ideal citizens of the Republic, expanding educational opportunities for all, and developing people's knowledge and morality. Fifth, Mann emphasized that for public education to operate, it requires sound development of the public education system, improvement of the teaching effectiveness of common schools, and implementation of the governance duties of the school boards. Sixth, Mann promoted the establishment of normal schools in Massachusetts and regarded them as a necessary condition for developing common school education. Finally, this study proposes recommendations for the future development of education in Taiwan.