三代家庭成長經驗對成年子女孝道信念及代間支持之影響

面對高齡社會的發展趨勢，家庭中的代間支持議題備受關注。華人家庭的傳統：三代同堂與孝道文化，對於年輕世代提供父母的代間支持影響為何?本研究運用「台灣青少年成長歷程研究｣的長期追蹤資料，以「社會-認知-行為」模式（Social-Cognitive-Behavioral Model）(Crosbie-Burnett, & Lewis, 1993)的概念，探究：青少年期的三代家庭成長經驗，對成年後的孝道信念及提供父母代間支持的影響機制。研究結果顯示：青少年期與祖父母同住者，祖孫的情感關係較佳。再者，成年子女的相互性孝道信念越高，提供父母的經濟、勞務與情感支持越多，但權威性孝道信念對代間支持並無影響。整體來看，青少年期三代同住的家庭環境有助祖孫代間情感，進而促進成年後對相互性孝道信念的認同，及提供給父母代間勞務與情感支持。本研究結果證實：三代同堂的家庭環境促進了祖孫的正向互動經驗，涵泳了個人對孝道規範的認知及提供父母支持的孝行。

關鍵字

三代同堂；代間支持；孝道信念；臺灣青少年成長歷程研究

並列摘要

Intergenerational support within families has garnered attention since the rise of the aged society. The effect of three-generation family household and filial piety, which are traditions of ethnic Chinese families, on young people’s intergenerational support to their parents warrants investigation. This study applied Taiwan Youth Project, which involves long-term panel data and the Social–Cognitive–Behavioral Model (Crosbie-Burnett, & Lewis, 1993), to examine the mechanism of the effect of an individual’s adolescent experience with a three-generation family on the individual’s perception of filial piety and intergenerational support to parents in adulthood. The results revealed that people who had lived in three-generation family household in their adolescent periods exhibited closer relationships with their grandparents than those who had not. Moreover, people with higher beliefs in reciprocal filial piety provided more financial and emotional supports and household assistance for their parents; by contrast, beliefs in authoritarian filial piety did not affect intergenerational support significantly. In summary, adolescent experience in three-generation family households enhanced the relationships between the grandchildren and grandparents, which in turn facilitated the children’s affirmation on reciprocal filial piety in their adulthood as well as their willingness to provide parents with intergenerational household assistance and emotional support. The results verified that three-generation family households strengthened positive interaction between grandchildren and grandparents, as well as individuals’ beliefs in filial piety and relevant intergenerational support to their parents.