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  • 學位論文

1950年代中共向社會主義前進中的「胡風事件」與「肅反運動」

The Hu Feng Incident and Counter-Revolutionaries Suppressing Movement during the CCP's Socialist Transformation in the 1950's

指導教授 : 劉紀曜

摘要


1949年中共建政後,在新民主主義過渡至社會主義的過程中,1955年發生了胡風事件與肅反運動,本論文認為這和毛澤東急切推動農業合作化運動時,遭遇黨內外的阻力有關。 本論文第一章說明中共農業政策的思維與變化,1953年總路線的頒布,1956中共「八大」的召開,至1957年前社會主義的改造基本完成。中國社會經過急遽的去私有化的結構改變,社會中充滿了不穩定性。 第二章說明胡風事件。講述胡風的前半生(1902-1942),關於毛澤東的《講話》與香港批判(1943-1948),中共建政前後的胡風(1949-1954),1954年《三十萬言書》的提出與分析,1955年「胡風事件」的發生,並說明舒蕪與胡風的合與分以及胡風與周恩來的關係。 第三章說明肅反運動。討論從胡風事件到肅反運動的轉換,毛澤東論肅反,肅反的規定與組織工作,舉出從中央到地方的14個肅反實例,從杜高「小家族」與吳祖光「二流堂」事件討論肅反與反右派鬥爭。 第四章說明胡風事件與肅反運動所引起的反響。1957年5月在北京大學、武漢大學、四川大學等校園中師生貼出大字報,公開討論胡風事件與肅反運動的問題,以及民主人士對於相關事件的反應,以及關於法制問題的思考。 結論說明1955年,接連發生高饒事件、潘揚事件、胡風事件,有其背景。當時毛澤東認為隨著社會主義事業的進展,階級鬥爭必然日益尖銳化和複雜化,估計暗藏的反革命分子或其他壞分子占全國各類機關總人數的5%左右,決定在全國範圍內開展一場肅清暗藏反革命分子的運動。在1957年整風與鳴放的過程中,許多年輕知識分子出來質疑胡風事件和肅反運動的合理性與合法性,而這些知識分子又因此被打成右派分子。 1958年初,毛澤東發動大躍進,8月份開始推動人民公社,說明從1950年到1957年,是毛澤東全力推動的社會主義改造階段,在這個階段中,毛澤東發動了一連串的運動,以減低與清除反對意見以及鎮壓過渡社會中不穩定的情形。

並列摘要


After the founding of the Communist Regime of China in 1949, during the transition from new democracy to socialism, the Hu Feng Incident and the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionaries occurred in 1955. This thesis argues that this was due to Mao Zedong’s eager promotion of the agricultural co-operation movement, which encountered resistances from both inside and outside of the Party. The First chapter of this thesis explains the thoughts and changes of the CCP’s agricultural policy, the promulgation of the General Line in 1953, the convening of the "Eighth National Congress" of the CCP in 1956, and the completion of the socialist transformation before 1957. Chinese society thus had undergone rapid structural changes, and the society was full of instabilities. Chapter Two explains the Hu Feng Incident. Tells about the life of Hu Feng, about Mao Zedong's 1942's Speech, 1948's Hong Kong Criticism, the proposal of "Three Hundred Thousand Words" in 1954, the Hu Feng Incident in 1955, and the division between Shu Wu and Hu Feng, and the relationship between Hu Feng and Zhou Enlai. The Third chapter explains the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionary movement. Discuss the transformation from the Hu Feng Incident to the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionary movement, the regulations and organization of the movement, cite 14 examples of counter-revolutionaries, discuss about sect issues of Dugao’s "Small Family" and Wu Zuguang’s "Erliutang". The Fourth chapter explains the repercussions caused by the Hu Feng Incident and the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionary movement. In May of 1957, young teachers and students posting posters at campuses of Peking University, Wuhan University, Sichuan University, as well as people from Democratic Parties openly discussed the legal issues of Hu Feng Incident and the Suppression of Counter-Revolutionaries. At the beginning of 1958, Mao Zedong launched the Great Leap Forward and started to promote the People's Commune in August. It shows that the period from 1950 to 1957 was the stage of socialist transformation that Mao Zedong pushed forward.

參考文獻


徵引書目
一、史料
《人民日報》
《人民文學》
《文匯報》

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