啟聰學校高職部職場實習輔導現況之研究

本研究旨在了解台灣地區北、中、南三所啟聰學校高職部職場實習輔導之現況，從啟聰學校高職部職業輔導員的觀點出發，探討目前職業輔導的實施內容、運作方式、遭遇困境、相關人員互動合作，以及職場實習輔導制度對學生之影響。研究者採用「質性研究法」的訪談法，並以半結構式的訪談大綱，於2013年暑假開始對三所啟聰學校裡的四位職業輔導員進行試探性拜訪，在取得三位職業輔導員同意後，持續半年進行正式訪談、蒐集研究主題資料，並比較現行職場實習輔導相關規定後，希望能協助相關單位了解並落實職場實習輔導工作所面臨之挑戰，並提出若干建議作為特殊學校職場實習輔導規劃之參考，本研究結果發現如下：一、目前各地區的啟聰學校都有訂定相關辦法來進行職場實習輔導工作，通常校內會以工作隊的方式到學區職場巡視，而職業輔導員是以巡迴方式到各校了解學生工作情形。二、啟聰學校校內人員在職業輔導領域的專業仍略顯不足，但職業輔導員人數不足、需要服務的個案數超過負荷等問題，造成職場實習輔導工作的困難。三、啟聰學校高職部裡的智能障礙生比例逐年攀升。家長與學生以升學為優先考量，選擇就業的學生不多，經常等到學業能力有問題才臨時更換跑道造成職業媒合有困難。四、目前職場實習工作的安排是配合教育部社區化就業政策，但無形中也造成工作範圍的限制，職場開發與職業媒合的工作更顯困難。根據本研究結果，研究者提出修正職業輔導員的聘任方式、啟聰學校校內人員職業輔導專業的提升，以及相關單位是否提供給學校、學生與職場三方的工作資訊媒合平台等建議。此外，面對啟聰學校學生來源多元化，學校單位如何調整以面對未來家長與學生的需求，亦是亟待思考的議題。

關鍵字

質性研究法；半結構式訪談；啟聰學校；職業輔導員；職場實習輔導

並列摘要

The purpose of the present study is to understand the current situation of occupational field practice counseling for special education class in three hearing-impaired senior high schools in Taiwan, one school each of the domestic area of the North, Middle, and South. The present research shall set out with the viewpoint of each occupational field vocational counselor for special education class in hearing-impaired senior high school of each area and further extend to discuss the content of currently-implemented occupational counseling as well as operational methods, encountered issues, cooperation of associated personnel, and the degree to which students are influenced from the occupational field practice teaching system. The researcher applied the “ in-depth interview method of qualitative research ” , and repeatedly corrected materials from the three occupational field practice counselors with semi-structured interviewing outline. It was the summer break of year 2013 when the researcher started exploring research opportunities from four vocational counselors at the three schools. The researcher obtained permissions from three vocational counselors and engaged in half-year-long formal interviewing to collect research theme materials. Then, the researcher compared the currently-practiced relevant regulations for vocational counseling, with the aim that the concerned cooperating sections are able to understand the challenges that vocational counselors are facing with in practice. In addition, the researcher made suggestions to serve as a reference in planning occupational field practice counseling. The findings of the present research are as follows: 1.Currently, each school has relevant methods to put into practical occupational counseling. In general, the school may visit the school district’s workplaces in turn as a work team; however, a vocational counselor has to understand the student’s work performances by visiting each school in turn. 2.The personnel of hearing-impaired senior high schools specialized in the field of vocational counseling is yet clearly insufficient in number. The shortage in the workforce as well as the overwhelming number of cases in need of helps and other issues are making it difficult to conduct practical counseling at workplace. 3.The percentage of hearing-impaired senior high school students with intellectual impairment is ever increasing year by year. Students and their parents’ priority is to attend college to begin with and the number of students who choose to get a job is small; and what is more commonly case is that the students wait until they encounter issues with their learning capabilities, then change their courses and careers, and end up with a mismatch with their occupational competence. 4.Currently, practical field work’s arrangement is based on the Ministry of Education’s employment policy integrated with local community, but the policy is unknowingly setting limits on the scope of occupations, creating obvious difficulties with workplace training and matching. Based on the present results, the researcher suggests revising the employment system for vocational field practice counselors and enhancing the professional competency of schools’ personnel for vocational field practice counseling; then discusses whether the relevant sections should provide schools, students, and workplaces with a job counseling platform. More to follow, it should be quickly considered how schools acquire know-how to make arrangements to deal with students’ and parents’ demands in the future as the source of students diversifies.