以活動理論觀點探究校長社群的展化學習與實踐

順應全球教育改革趨勢，我國政府於108年開始正式實行十二年國民基本教育課程綱要總綱。新課綱強調培養學生的「核心素養」與「問題解決能力」，並透過降低部定課程學分數來開展學校本位課程發展的空間。全國各級學校皆「動起來」積極發展以學生為中心的跨領域素養導向課程。在此脈絡下，不論校本課程的建構乃至跨領域素養課程的設計，皆涉及「「討論技術及方法的引進」、「專業討論文化的建立」、「探究性教學的實踐及反思」，而這些的改變多少考驗著學校領導團隊和教師們的課程領導力、對話溝通能力及集體學習能力。本研究採田野調查法，記錄一群偏鄉校長團隊的實踐與其集體能動性形塑之歷程。因著政策文本的啟動，偏鄉教育行動者意識到新課綱的推行可能為偏鄉教育帶來危機與轉機。新課綱是迫切需要改變的理由，而學校和老師需要怎麼樣的能力才能順利轉化課綱？培養學生帶著走的能力？面對這些挑戰，需要在地教育工作者團隊不斷提問並付諸實踐才能具體回應與改變。本研究個案校長實踐社群作為一活動系統，以聯合行動體型態對外尋求課程專家支持開展資源網絡，並建立以因應新課綱為明確標的的增能夥伴關係。茲此，個案團隊不再只是被動承接課程專家給予之課程架構模板，而是更進一步在實踐之中積累課程領導能力，以成為能解決在地教育問題的行動主體。本研究運用文化歷史活動理論作為理論分析取徑，梳理個案社群聯合行動主體之形成，再討論個案社群與社群之間的網絡關係及課程共力系統的生成。

關鍵字

文化歷史活動理論；偏鄉教育；聯合行動主體；課程共力

並列摘要

Following the global trend of education reform, the government of Taiwan officially implemented the 12-year National Basic Education Curriculum in 2019. The New Curricular Guidelines emphasize the cultivation of students’ "core competencies" and "problem-solving capabilities". Schools at all levels across the country are actively developing student-centric, multi-disciplinary, literacy-oriented curriculum. Besides, both the construction of school-based curriculum are involved with "the introduction of discussion techniques and methods of new curriculum", "the establishment of professional inquiry communities and discussion culture", "the practice of inquiry instructional strategy and the reflective mechanism", which collectively pose a challenge to school leaders and teachers. This thesis used field research approach to record the practice of a team of school principals in a rural county and the process of shaping their collective initiative. With the launch of The New Curricular, rural educators realized that the promotion of the new curriculum is both a crisis and an opportunity for rural education system. It brings reasons for the urgent need for change. While, what kind of ability is needed to successfully implement its spirit? These questions can only be answered by local educator’s team working. In this research, the principal’s community of practice is regarded as an activity system. It seeks the support of curriculum experts to develop a network in the form of joint action, and establishes an empowering partnership in order to respond The New Curricular. This school principal’s team is no longer passively accepting the curriculum framework given by the curriculum experts, but further accumulates curriculum leadership skills in practice to become the main body of action that can solve local education problems. This study uses the Cultural and Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as the path of theoretical analysis. With the theoretical basis, we sort out the formation process of the case community and discuss the network relationship between the case community and other sub-communities.