興盛、衰落與轉型：居鑾華人社團音樂組織活動之興衰史

華人遷徙至馬來西亞已有悠久的歷史，後因19世紀英國殖民政府招攬華人前去進行開墾、種植作物，及開採礦石以為其獲得利益，馬來西亞才開始有了大量華人的移入。在歷經多年的海外生活，馬來西亞當地華人身上，雖然流著漢人的血液，卻因環境的差異，其音樂型態在當地的發展，亦有變化。居鑾市位處馬來半島南端的柔佛州中部地區，於20世紀初，因鐵路及公路的建設，以及開發橡膠種植，而聚集了各個不同方言群的華人及其音樂。1930年代，此地成為英國殖民軍事基地，而居鑾海南人比起其他方言群的華人，更有機會接觸英軍，以致在1957年，也就是馬來（西）亞脫離英國獨立的同年，居鑾海南會館成立了居鑾第一支華人社團銅樂隊。爾後，其他居鑾華人社團銅樂隊，如雨後春筍般成立。這些華人社團包括柔佛州惠州會館、柔佛州高州公會、居鑾永春公會等。除了銅樂隊，當地華人社團也成立地緣性樂種之樂隊，以及當時風靡整個中國的華樂（國樂）隊。然而，居鑾音樂活動在經歷興盛期後，於1990年代開始進入衰落期，這些由居鑾華人社團帶領的音樂組織，隨著耆老的凋零、社會風氣的變化，逐漸式微。一部分的音樂組織選擇了轉型，不論是民間團體私營化，或是音樂活動內容的變遷，都讓這些居鑾華人社團音樂組織得以繼續與當地社區保持連結。同時，這些音樂型態，也在學校社團裡找到了它的生命力。本論文先以馬來西亞華人移入居鑾之路徑的歷史座標為切入點，並以早期報章中華人音樂歷史活動作為佐證，進而對居鑾華人社團音樂組織之活動時間與空間，加以探討，試圖透過此地音樂歷史發展脈絡的梳理，建構出當地華人社團音樂組織之歷史發展及現況。

關鍵字

居鑾；華人社團；華人社團音樂組織；銅樂隊；馬來西亞華人

並列摘要

The immigration of Chinese to Malaysia has a long history. After the 19th century, colonial power of British, invited Chinese to cultivate, plant crops, and exploit mine for profit themselves, Malaysia began to have a large number of Chinese emigration. After many years of overseas life, the local Chinese in Malaysia have the blood of Han people. However, due to environmental differences, the development of traditional Chinese music in the local area has also changed. Kluang City is located in the central part of Johor state on the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. In the early 20th century, Kluang gathered Chinese people and their music from different dialect groups due to the construction of railways and highways, and the development of rubber cultivation. In the 1930s, Kluang became a British colonial military base. Compared with the Chinese in other dialect groups, the Hainanese in Kluang had more opportunities to contact the British army. In 1957, the same year Malaya’s independence from the British, the Kluang Hainan Assocoatin was established a Chinese brass band. Since then, other Kluang Chinese associations’ brass band were established. These Chinese associations include the Johor Huizhou Association, the Johor Gaozhou Association, and the Kluang Yongchun Association. In addition to the brass band, the local Chinese association also established a geo-music band, as well as the Chinese music team, which was popular throughout China at that time. However, Kluang Chinese association music organization’s activities began to decline in the 1990s after experiencing a period of prosperity. These music organizations led by the Kluang Chinese association have gradually declined with the decline of the elderly and changes in the social atmosphere. However, some music organizations have chosen to transform. Whether it is privatization of the private sector or changes in the content of music activities, the Kluang Chinese association music organizations can continue to maintain connections with the local community. At the same time, these music band have also found their vitality in the school. In this thesis, the entry point is the historical coordinates of the path of the Malaysian Chinese emigrating to Kluang, and the early newspaper Chinese music history activities are used as evidence, and the activity time and space of the Kluang Chinese community music organizations are explored, and attempts to construct the historical context and development of local Chinese association music organizations through the exploration of the historical development of music here.