我國公辦民營學校評鑑制度之探究

我國公辦民營學校源自於1990年代，早期的辦學與評鑑事務，由縣（市）政府負責與規劃，直至2014年教育部通過《公立國民小學與國民中學委託私人辦理條例》，確立我國公辦民營學校辦學與評鑑的中央法律位階，也開啟我國公辦民營學校評鑑新的一頁。本研究旨在探討我國公辦民營學校評鑑制度，採用文件分析法及半結構訪談蒐集資料，深入探究當前公辦民營學校評鑑的現況，包含：法規演變，評鑑目的、內涵，成效及挑戰。分析的文件以評鑑法規及評鑑計畫書為主，以立意與滾雪球取樣方法邀請26位研究對象，包含二縣（市）的教育局（處）行政人員、評鑑委員、學校校長、主任、教師以及熟悉本研究主題的專家學者。本研究發現分五部分：（一）我國公辦民營學校評鑑法規經歷二次變動。2014年起，教育部授權縣（市）政府明訂評鑑辦法，由其組成評鑑小組或委託他人辦理評鑑；2019年起，我國公辦學校公辦民營學校評鑑權責分工明確，教育部負責國立公辦民營學校評鑑事宜，縣（市）政府負責公立公辦民營學校評鑑事宜。（二）我國公辦民營學校評鑑為機構評鑑，評鑑目的為把關學校教育品質，改善學校辦學問題，提升學校教育品質，建立楷模。協商討論評鑑指標，學校自我評鑑與實地訪評，了解學校辦學情形。評鑑結果應用於獎勵、協助、續約、解約、學校爭取辦學資源與申請改制或經營者設立新校之依據。（三）評鑑成效為相互交流，政府調整公辦民營學校相關政策與評鑑制度之依據，帶動學校發展，凝聚學校成員共識，彰顯公辦民營學校辦學價值。（四）評鑑的挑戰為評鑑定位缺乏共識，評鑑設計的難處，評鑑委員的客觀度不被受訪者信任，縣（市）政府人員更迭與政治環境轉變的挑戰。（五）綜整26位研究對象提出的評鑑建議，如：學校期待縣（市）政府與學校相互合作，調整現行評鑑向度、作法，固定的評鑑委員，營造公辦民營學校評鑑文化。最後，依據本研究之研究成果，針對縣（市）政府與公辦民營學校提出具體建議。

關鍵字

公辦民營學校；公辦民營學校評鑑

並列摘要

Private management of public schools have established since the 1990’s in Taiwan. Not until 2014, however, the Ministry of Education announced a central law, “the Act Governing the Commissioning of the Operation of Public Schools to the Private Sector”. This, hereby, provides the guidelines for implementing evaluation of private management of public schools. This study aimed to explore the evaluation of private management of public schools, understand the changes in evaluation law, educational content, including methodology, key objectives, result usage, as well as benefits and challenges of implementation. This study utilized documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling were both used to invite 26 interviewees, including administrators at the Education Bureau, evaluators, school principals, directors and teachers from two counties and cities, and experts at evaluation of private management of public schools. This study generated five main findings: 1 In 2014, the Ministry of Education began developing a legal framework to evaluate private management of public schools. Assignment of responsibilities for the evaluation of private management of public schools have confirmed since 2019. The Ministry of Education implements evaluation of private management of public schools founded by the nation whereas local governments implement evaluation of ones founded by the public. 2 It’s an institutional evaluation. The evaluation ensures educational quality, improves school effectiveness, and provides role models. Government administrators and school members establish evaluation criteria and methods collaboratively. The evaluation results are used for rewards, assistance, charter renewal or cancellation, and school operators apply for new schools or schools modify institutional statuses. 3 Benefits of the evaluation include: (1) Collaboration between schools and local governments. (2) Provision of evidence for revision of school evaluation policy. (3) Provision of experiences allowed schools who are going to be evaluated to learn from. (4) Quality enhancement of the schools. (5) Development of consensus among school stakeholders. (6) Highlights of outstanding performance and values of the schools. 4 Challenges of the evaluation include: (1) Lack of consensus between schools and local governments regarding the evaluation positioning. (2) Inappropriate or ineffective of evaluation design. (3) Skepticism among interviewees regarding the evaluators. (4) Instability and staff turnover at the local governments as well as changes in the political environment that climate impacting implementation. 5 Advice for evaluation interviewees emphasized include: (1) Cooperation between schools and local governments. (2) Adjustment of evaluation methods, criteria, and usage. (3) Stability in the evaluators. (4) Emphasis on a culture of continual evaluation and improvement in schools. Based on findings, this study makes recommendations to local governments and private management of public schools for quality enhancement.