韓語與華語慣用語對比研究

在日常語言生活中經常使用慣用語，這種慣用語很容易被母語者理解和利用，而對學習者來說是非常困難的。語言是將自己的想法和感情與他人交換的工具。另外，語言和文化是分不開的關係，語言代表著人類的文化。慣用語就是很好地反映語言文化特徵的型式，在一個國家的悠久歷史和民族背景下自然型成，是特定語言文化圈的約定。雖然不符合語法，但在日常生活中經常使用，是任何國家都有的語言型態。因此，可以通過經常使用的慣用語來瞭解兩國的語言文化和見解。慣用語是大部分三音節型式，而且具有否定意義。要理解象徵意義，而不是看字面意義。在慣用語的各種素材中，本研究將慣用語分為動物、身體、數字、自然現象、行為等素材，並提出了多種慣用語。慣用語按題材分為動物、身體、自然現象、數字、人的行為，並提出了多種慣用語。將以動物為素材的慣用語分為「家畜」、「非家畜」、「鳥」、「魚」、「蟲」五個部分，瞭解兩國對動物的思想。以人的身體為素材的慣用語分為「眼」、「耳」、「鼻」、「口、嘴」、「手」、「腿、腳」等進行考察，瞭解了素材的派生意義。以數字為素材的慣用語分為「一」、「二」、「三、六、九」、「十、百、千、萬」、「其他」，以自然現象為素材的慣用語分為「風」、「雨」、「霧、雲」，最後以人的行為為素材，將慣用語分為「與五官有關的行為」和「用手做的行為」、「用腳做的行為」。為了比較和對比韓語、華語慣用語，將慣用語分為「同型同義」、「同型異義」、「異型同義」三種。本研究通過對韓語、華語慣用語的比較分析，來瞭解韓語、華語語言意義擴展的差異。慣用語由於受到該國文化社會影響而產生的獨特的表達方式，反映了使用該語言的人的思維方式或價值觀，對理解社會、歷史、文化有很大的幫助。

關鍵字

韓語；華語；慣用語；對比

並列摘要

Many idioms are used in everyday language, while these idioms are easily understood and used by native speakers, they are very difficult for the ones who are learning the language. Language is a tool for exchanging one's thoughts and feelings with others; in which contains ethnicity and emotion of the mass, as well as a cultural complex that reflects the pass and present of a country. In addition, language and culture are inseparable, a language represents the culture of human society. An idiom reflects the characteristics of a language and its culture; it is naturally formed based on a country's history and ethnic background, and is a form of promise of a specific language and culture. Although it may not be considered to be grammatically correct, it is often used in everyday life, and is a form of language that can be found in all countries. Hence, you can look at the language and get a glimpse of the culture and perspective of the two countries through idioms. According to the definition of an idiom, an idiom is usually formed of three syllables. The symbolic meaning is the key definition, but not the literal meaning. In addition, proverbs, idioms, and allegorical phrases are colloquial. Inserting other components and changing the word order are possible. Moreover, most of the meanings of proverbs, idioms, and allegorical phrases are educational, but among them, idioms have a particularly negative connotation. Idioms come from a variety of subjects, such as animals, bodies, nature, and specific events of historical figures. Among various categories, this paper divided idioms into animal, body, number, natural phenomenon, and human behavior, and presented various idioms. Under different categories, idioms are divided into animals, human bodies, natural environments, numbers, and human actions, and various idioms are presented. The idioms related to animals are divided into five parts: 'livestock', 'non-livestock', 'bird', 'fish', and 'insect'. The idioms related to the human body are divided into ‘eyes’, ‘ears’, ‘nose’, ‘mouth’, ‘hands’, and ‘legs and feet’, and the derived meanings of the components are explored. Idioms using numbers are divided into '1', '2' , '3,6,9', '10, 100, 1,000, 10,000', and 'others'. Idioms using natural phenomena are divided into 'wind', 'rain', 'fog', and ‘clouds'. Lastly, idioms related to human actions are presented by dividing them into 'acts related to the five senses', 'acts with hands', and 'acts with feet and legs'. In order to compare and differentiate Korean-Chinese idioms, idioms are classified into three categories: 1. Idioms that are the same in both languages 2. Idioms that have different word composition in each language but have the same meaning 3. Idioms that have the same words in both languages but have different meanings in each language In this paper, we try to find out the difference in meaning between Korean and Chinese languages by comparing and analyzing Korean-Chinese idioms. Idioms are very helpful in understanding society, history, and culture because they reflect the way of thinking and values of the speakers in that language, because of the unique expressions that are formed under the cultural and social influence of the country.