普費茲納藝術歌曲作品編號 5、作品編號 26、 作品編號 35 之研究

普費茲納(Hans Pfitzner, 1869-1949)是一位橫跨了浪漫後期與二十世紀之交的作曲家、指揮家、教師、文學家亦是哲學家，他一生創作了管弦樂曲、歌劇、室內樂以及一百多首的藝術歌曲。普費茲納的歌曲創作可分為三個時期:早期(1888-1909)、中期(1916-1920)、晚期 (1921-1931)。普費茲納早期的藝術歌曲深受舒曼的影響，以浪漫時期的和聲為主，本研究以作品編號五為此時期的研究範例;中期則為浪漫到現代的過渡時期，此時期的藝術歌曲因為加入了歌劇創作的經驗，和弦運用更自由，調性轉換更頻繁，音樂張力更擴大，且具有管弦樂色彩，音樂風格上呈現華格納(Richard Wagner, 1813-1883)、馬勒(Gustav Mahler, 1860-1911)與理查‧史特勞斯(Richard Strauss, 1864-1949)的特質，本研究以作品編號二十六為例;晚期的藝術歌曲創作則是在抒情的歌唱旋律上加入了更多不穩定的調性走向，以及大膽的變化半音與和弦的使用，本研究選擇以作品編號三十五為例。普費茲納對於文字的喜愛及他豐厚的文學造詣，反映在他對於詩文的選擇上。本研究擇選了普費茲納在三個創作時期中的三組作品，涵蓋了六位詩人，來作為分析的主要內容。普費茲納擅於將詩文的意境與感受用音符表達出來，故本研究將試圖從音樂的分析中了解普費茲納在創作過程中風格的轉變，及他對於音樂與文字結合的理念與運用。

關鍵字

普費茲納；浪漫後期；二十世紀音樂；藝術歌曲；歌德；胡赫

並列摘要

Hans Pfitzner is a composer, conductor, teacher, litterateur and philosopher who was present during the transition from the late Romantic period to the twentieth century. During the span of his life, he composed orchestral works, opera, chamber music and over one hundred Lieder. Pfitzner’s compositions can be divided into three periods: early period (1888-1909), middle period (1916-1920), and late period (1921-1931). The Lieder of his early period was deeply influenced by Schumann, and leans toward the Romantic period, as seen in the different harmonies used. This research uses Op. 5 as an example of this early style. The middle period is characterized by a transition from the Romantic style to that of the twentieth century, and shows Pfitzner’s experience in composing operas. There is more freedom in the usage of chords and more frequent shifts in tonalities. There is also greater musical tension, as well as a vast spectrum orchestral color. This music of this period has the characteristics of Wagner, Mahler and Richard Strauss. This research uses Op.26 as an example of this middle style. Lastly, the Lieder of the late period boast lyrical singing melodies with increasingly unstable tonalities, and uses chromatic semitones more boldly than before. The research chooses Op.35 as an example of this period’s works. Pfitzner’s unique gift for words and his understanding of poetry are evidences of his mastery in Lieder. This research chooses three works, one from each of the different periods and written by six different poets, for analysis. Pfitzner is incredible at forging the connection between the artistic interpretation of poetry and the different emotions expressed in music. This research attempts to understand his creative process, as well as his concepts regarding the synthesis of music and words, through the analysis of his works from the different periods.