廣泛分佈的粉紅鸚嘴族群間共享及局域的天擇訊號

Out of the Eastern Himalaya: Signatures of the shared and local genetic sweeps in a widely distributed passerine, vinous-throated parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana)

李俊呈(Lee Chun-Cheng)

指導教授 ： 李壽先

國立臺灣師範大學/理學院/生命科學系/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200280

摘要

生物如何成功拓殖到嶄新生態環境是生物如何適應環境，以及生物多樣性形成機制的核心問題。然而，人們對於有助生物拓殖到新生態環境的特徵，以及其背後的遺傳基礎還未充分明瞭。廣泛分布於亞洲大陸的粉紅鸚嘴(Sinosuthora webbiana)是一種小型非遷徙性雀形目鳥類。鴉雀屬(Sinosuthora)鳥類主要侷限分布在東喜馬拉雅山區，但粉紅鸚嘴分布範圍橫跨北緯21.6至45.3度，比起其他鴉雀屬鳥類有更廣的分佈範圍，且跨越更多樣的氣候環境。利用基因組掃描的方法，我找到其中244個基因在南方族群(約北緯25度)和北方族群(約北緯42度)皆受到正向選擇的證據。我發現其中一些基因涉及代謝途徑(例如: FADS1和MOGAT2)和免疫相關(例如: MSN和LRIG2）的功能以及影響探索行為的改變(TRIM66和COL6A3 )與神經、腦下垂體發展(例如: TRIM66和CDKN1B )。同時，我也找到與體表成色相關和生殖系統相關的兩個基因組別可能藉由基因調控的方式幫助南方和北方族群適應當地物候環境。我的結果表明行為及生理性狀的改變，對於侷限分佈的鳥類譜系(lineage)能擴展其生態區位(ecological niche)，並擴張其分佈範圍至關重要。

關鍵字

棲位擴張 ； 選擇掃除 ； 全域適應 ； 局域適應

並列摘要

How organisms successfully colonized a new ecological environment is the central of the biological adaptation and diversification. However, little is known about the origin and genetic basis underpin such processes. The vinous-throated parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana) is a small non-migratory passerine commonly found in East Asia. Unlike other Sinosuthora species that restrict their ranges in the montane area of Eastern Himalayas, S. webbiana distributes in a broad latitudinal range (21.6- 45.3°N) that encompasses a much wider climatic niche. By scanning their entire genomes, I detected signatures of genes under selective sweeps in its southern (about 25°N) and northern (about 42°N) populations. For genes under shared selective sweeps in the two populations, some of them are involved in metabolic pathways (e.g., FADS1 and MOGAT2) and immune-related functions (e.g., MSN and LRIG2), and some are responsible for exploratory behavior (TRIM66 and COL6A3) and pituitary gland development (e.g., TRIM66 and CDKN1B). I also found gene groups associated with pigmentation and reproduction that may contribute to local adaptation in the southern and the northern population respectively. My results shed the lights on how adaptation on physiological as well as behavioral traits might facilitate a montane avian lineage expanding into the novel ecological niche and colonized a broad range in East Asia.

並列關鍵字

niche expansion ； selective sweep ； global adaptation ； local adaptation

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