兩岸高中國語文教科書編撰與意識型態比較研究 以2020年臺灣龍騰版與中國大陸部編版為例

現代教育的奠定起源於學校教育的制度化，而學校教育的核心在於課程，課程的核心在於教材。為展望兩岸國語文教育之交流與溝通，本研究抽取了現行兩岸普通高中國語文教科書的兩個版本──中國大陸部編版和臺灣龍騰版為研究對象，通過比較研究和內容分析法針對其選文內容進行意識型態分析，探索兩岸在國語文教育實踐中的共識與差異。整體言，兩岸社會因為歷史、法制以及社會「共識」等方面的不同，在新自由主義全球化的衝擊下，各自選擇了一條服膺於在地人民意願以及利益的道路：臺灣從適性教育出發，強調個人與自由，中國大陸則立足於集體主義，強調民族復興與國家意志。以最新兩岸普通高中國語文課綱/課標為例，在語文教育理念、課程性質以及學科素養上各有側重，表現在教科書選文的編撰與意識型態中，則是對於政治態度、國家期待、民族精神、族群關係及敵意態度等五個面向的呈現、描寫方式與態度不同。故兩岸有關多元文化教育理念的本土化與實踐並不一致，對國語文學科定位以及教學方式的選擇各有取捨：臺灣重視議題教學，中國大陸重視整體閲讀。綜上，本研究發現兩岸政治意識型態爭議根源並不在於「國族認同」，而是有關「現代性/現代化」的認識，並由此帶來的政治「去中心化」問題。

關鍵字

中國語文；教科書；多元文化；現代化；兩岸

並列摘要

The foundation of modern education originated from the institutionalization of school education, and the core of school education lies in curriculum, and the core of curriculum lies in teaching materials. In order to look forward to the exchange and communication of Chinese language education between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, this study selected two versions of the current cross-strait general high Chinese language textbooks—the Mainland China edition and the Taiwan Longteng edition as the research objects, and analyzed them through comparative research and content analysis. The content of the selected texts is ideologically analyzed to explore the consensus and differences in the practice of Chinese language education between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. On the whole, because of differences in history, legal system, and social "consensus", under the impact of neoliberal globalization, the two sides of the strait each chose a path that obeyed the will and interests of the local people: Taiwan starts from appropriate education, Emphasizing individual and freedom, Mainland China is based on collectivism, emphasizing national rejuvenation and national will. Taking the latest cross-strait general high Chinese syllabus/standard as an example, there are different emphases in the concept of Chinese education, the nature of the curriculum and the literacy of the subject, which are reflected in the compilation and ideology of textbook selections, on the political attitude, national The five aspects of expectation, national spirit, ethnic relations and hostile attitude are presented and described in different ways and attitudes. Therefore, the localization and practice of the concept of multicultural education on both sides of the strait are not consistent, and there are different choices for the positioning of Chinese language subjects and the choice of teaching methods: Taiwan attaches importance to topic teaching, while mainland China attaches importance to overall reading. In a word , the study finds that the cross-strait political ideological disputes are not about "national identity", but about the understanding of "modernity/modernization", and the issue of political "decentralization" derived from this.