以故事為文本之創意寫作活動對於台灣EFL高中生創意及寫作表現之影響

The Effect of a Story-based Creative Writing Activity on Taiwanese EFL Senior High School Students' Creativity and Writing Performance

蕭帆妤(Hsiao Fan-Yu)

指導教授 ： 張珮青

國立臺灣師範大學/文學院/英語學系英語教學碩士在職專班/碩士(2022年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202200779

摘要

寫作在認知上是具有挑戰性的，因為寫作者必須同時產出想法和注意用字。雖然台灣的高中生已經接受許多寫作訓練，但是寫作訓練往往注重處理文法的問題，而不是在寫作之前介紹創意發想技巧來激發學生的點子，因此，台灣的高中生在寫作時要產出想法似乎有困難。為了解決這個問題，本研究試圖調查，以Eberle (1971)的奔馳法(SACMPER)為創意發想技巧來進行故事文本的創意寫作活動，是否對台灣高中生創意層面和寫作表現層面有影響，以及探索台灣高中生對於此教學活動的觀感。本研究採用準實驗設計，參與學生來自兩個十二年級的班級，一個班為實驗組，另外一班為控制組。實驗組的教學法是採用故事文本的創意寫作並且學習奔馳法，而控制組的教學法則是採用傳統的段落寫作教學。兩週課程前後都有對實驗組和控制組進行故事寫作的測驗，並收集學生對於課程觀感問卷調查的結果。收集的資料會用成對、獨立樣本t檢定和文本進行分析。
根據量化和質性的研究結果顯示，實驗組的學生在整體創意和整體寫作表現上皆有顯著的差異，然而控制組的學生只有整體寫作表現上有顯著差異。此外，大部分的實驗組的學生對於故事文本創意寫作的活動之觀感大多持正面看法，認為此創意寫作活動有效增進他們的創意、寫作表現以及寫作的信心。結果呈現如下：
第一，奔馳法和故事改編的寫作活動使實驗組明顯增進創意四個面向的表現，即Torrance (1988)所定義的獨創性 (Originality)、變通性 (Flexibility)、流暢性 (Fluency)以及細節性 (Elaboration)。在四個面向中，實驗組在獨創性 (Originality)上有最高的平均分數差異。相反地，沒有使用奔馳法的情況下，控制組沒有顯著改善獨創性、變通性、流暢性，只有改善細節性。第二，故事分析和故事改編寫作活動使實驗組顯著改善寫作表現的四個面向：字彙、文法、句型和組織。然而，透過傳統寫作教學法，控制組顯著改善字彙、句型和組織，但不包含文法。第三，實驗組善用許多不同的人稱觀點來敘述故事，在劇情上新增了許多新點子，進而使用對話及精確地描述來合理地連接劇情發展。因此，實驗組的故事較能展現獨創性的創意。根據結果可以推測出創意的四個面向都有彼此正增強的關係，而且獨創性似乎可以透過其他三個面向來增進。
本研究發現故事文本的創意寫作活動在英文寫作上有可行性，可藉以增進台灣高中生在寫作上的創意發想和寫作表現，期許能提供未來英文寫作教學之參考。

關鍵字

故事文本創意寫作 ； 故事分析 ； 奔馳法 ； 故事改編 ； 創意 ； 寫作表現

並列摘要

Writing is cognitively demanding because writers need to generate ideas and pay attention to language use at the same time. Even though senior high school students in Taiwan have received considerable writing training, the writing training tends to focus on dealing with grammatical problems, rather than introducing creative thinking techniques to trigger ideas. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of a story-based creative writing activity informed by the creative thinking technique SCAMPER (Eberle, 1971) on Taiwanese senior high school students’ creativity (Torrance,1988) and writing performance, as well as the students’ perceptions towards the intervention. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. Participants were twelfth graders from two intact classes, and two classes were assigned to the experimental group and control group respectively. The experimental group students were taught the story-based creative writing activity informed by SCAMPER, while the control group received the conventional paragraph writing instruction. Data included pre- and post-intervention writings and pre- and post-task evaluation survey. Paired sample and independent sample t-tests were employed to analyze the scores of the pre-and post-intervention writings. Content analysis was applied to analyze the salient ways of students’ creative examples. Responses to the task evaluation surveys were measured by percentage.
According to the results of both quantitative and qualitative approaches, the experimental group showed significant differences in both creativity and writing performance, and the control group had a significant improvement in writing performance. In addition, the experimental group generally perceived that the story-based creative writing activity was effective for enhancing their creativity, writing performance, and confidence in English writing. The findings were indicated as follows.
First, with the help of story analysis and creative thinking technique SCAMPER, the experimental group significantly improved overall creativity in the aspects of originality, flexibility, fluency, and elaboration (Torrance, 1988). Among the four constructs of creativity, originality had the largest mean difference. On the contrary, without using SCAMPER, the control group did not improve overall creativity. A significant difference was found only on the construct of elaboration. Second, with the assistance of story analysis and story adaptation exercises, the experimental group significantly improved overall writing performance in the aspects of vocabulary, grammar, sentence complexity, and organization. On the other hand, under the conventional writing instruction, the control group significantly enhanced vocabulary, sentence complexity, and organization, except grammar. Third, the experimental group was able to adopt multiple viewpoints to narrate a story, created more new ideas in the plots, and added details such as dialogues and specific descriptions to reasonably connect the plots together. The experimental group was likely to create a more original climax to exhibit creativity. The finding implied that the four constructs of creativity seemed to be positively correlated, and that originality seemed to be enhanced by the other three constructs.
On the whole, the present study suggests that the story-based creative writing instruction is feasible to be leveraged in English writing classes at EFL senior high schools to enhance students’ creativity and writing performance.

並列關鍵字

Story-based creative writing ； story analysis ； SCAMPER ； story adaptation ； creativity ； writing performance

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