利用計畫行為理論探討民眾之氣候友善飲食行為

食物從生產者到消費者整個生產過程,存在著溫室氣體排放的問題,而不同的食物種類、加工方式、運送里程、包裝方式等因素,會導致不同的溫室氣體排放量。隨著全球暖化加劇,且對於人類日常生活造成影響,因而氣候變遷下的減緩與調適行為就日趨重要。人類飲食活動也應被視為是氣候變遷減緩與調適活動重要的一環,人類若能採行氣候友善飲食行為,應可減少為數可觀的溫室氣體排放量。本研究主要目的為探討民眾對於氣候變遷的認知及素養,以及其氣候友善飲食行為,本研究採問卷調查法,研究對象為台北市、新北市及高雄市民眾,欲比較這三個地區民眾在氣候友善飲食行為的異同。研究問卷共分為五個部分,分別是個人基本資料、氣候變遷素養、各類食物攝取量評估、選購食物的準則以及氣候友善飲食行為的行為意圖,並運用計畫行為理論,探討態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制、道德義務四個構面與民眾氣候友善飲食行為之關係。本研究結果顯示:(1)民眾的態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制以及道德義務都會對行為意圖產生正面的影響,(2)其中主觀規範的影響性大於態度,態度的影響性大於知覺行為控制,(3)台北市、新北市及高雄市的變項參數路徑分析結果相似,(4)民眾的氣候素養並不會影響其態度以及行為意圖。另外,本研究同時分析探討民眾採行氣候友善飲食行為的主要阻礙因素為:食物選擇受限、資訊管道較少、價格高低、個性懶惰等。

關鍵字

氣候友善飲食行為；計畫行為理論；氣候素養

並列摘要

There is a problem of greenhouse gas emissions in the entire production process of food from producers to consumers, and different food types, processing methods, transportation mileage, packaging methods and other factors will result in different greenhouse gas emissions. With the intensification of global warming and its impact on human daily life, mitigation and adaptation behaviors under climate change are becoming increasingly important. Human dietary activities should also be regarded as an important part of climate change mitigation and adaptation activities. If people can adopt climate-friendly dietary behaviors, they should be able to reduce a considerable amount of greenhouse gas emissions. The main purpose of this study is to explore the public's awareness and literacy of climate change, as well as their climate-friendly dietary. This research adopts a questionnaire survey method, and the research objects are the residents of Taipei City, New Taipei City and Kaohsiung City to find the differences in these three cities. The research questionnaire contains the following five parts: basic personal information, climate change literacy, daily food intake assessment, food selection criteria, and behavioral intentions of climate-friendly dietary. The theory of planned behavior is used to investigate the relationship between attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, moral obligation and the climate-friendly dietary behavior of the people. The results of this study show that: (1) people's attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and moral obligations all have a positive impact on behavioral intentions; (2) the influence of subjective norms is greater than that of attitudes, and the influence of attitudes is greater than that of perceived behavioral control, (3) the variable parameter path analysis results of Taipei, New Taipei, and Kaohsiung are similar, and (4) the climate literacy of the people does not affect their attitudes and behavioral intentions. In addition, this study also analyzes and explores the people’s obstacles to adopt climate-friendly dietary behavior and the major reasons are limited food choices, less information channels, high prices, and laziness.