打造節慶：東亞華人文化活動的展演與再現

節慶是人類社會中獨特的文化活動。一個節慶往往蘊含著豐富的文化內涵，它鑲嵌於地域社會史中，濃縮地呈現了不同族群、地域、時代乃至階級與階層間的特殊的文化。本文以當代華人的文化節慶作為討論的切入點，以此洞察和理解不同地方的華人社會的地方文化特點。通過對新加坡的「春到河畔」、馬來西亞的「全國華人文化節」、金門的「城隍文化觀光季」以及「馬祖國際藝術島」，這四個具有代表性的當代華人文化節慶加以分析。結合國家與地方社會的發展脈絡，疏理節慶的誕生背景，發展流變，以及與地方社會風氣的相互建構等問題，觀察和理解區域文化及其演變與區域間的互動，從展演中理解與詮釋其中的文化再現。這些短時間內被打造的當代的華人文化節慶，與經歷過漫長發展自然而然逐漸俗成的傳統文化節慶不同，它們實際上是出於一種對於地方、族群等發展需求的快速回應。正因如此，這些節慶是「被打造」的。其中，新加坡的「春到河畔」與馬來西亞「全國華人文化節」屬於國家層次的節慶的打造，更突出地涉及到國家對外的文化軟實力的建立，對內族群關係的調和文化政治的角逐。金門的「城隍文化觀光季」和「馬祖國際藝術島」是地方上的節慶打造，承載著當地社會發展轉型的企圖，是社會生活的傳承與當代文化形塑的一個面向。而隨著節慶的舉辦，豐富而複雜的文化因素又在節慶中被凝鍊的表達出來，逐漸影響地方與國家的社會發展。所以，節慶的打造與展演，也能夠重構地方的力量。本文希望借助這些案例的分析與對話，去歸納文化節慶在當代社會中為何又如何被打造。並思考藉由文化節慶的實踐，能夠對於當下的華人/中國社會發揮和產生哪些的功用與效益。

關鍵字

華人社會；文化再現；文化建構；節慶創新與創造；區域文化研究

並列摘要

Festivals are unique cultural activities in human society. Normally, a festival is imbued with abundant cultural connotations. Embedded in the history of regional society, the special cultures of different ethnic groups, regions, eras, and even classes and strata are condensed and presented in festivals. Taking contemporary Chinese cultural festivals as the entry point for the discussion, the local cultural characteristics of Chinese society in different places were explored and understood in this study. Four representative’s contemporary Chinese cultural festivals were analyzed, namely, "River Hongbao" of Singapore, "National Chinese Cultural Festival" of Malaysia, " Cheng Huang Festival in Kimmen" of Kinmen and "Matsu International Art Island Event ". Combining the development context of the country and local society, the background of the birth of the festival, the development rheology, and the mutual construction with the local social culture and other issues were sorted out. By observing and understanding regional culture and its evolution and interaction between regions, the cultural reproduction in it was understood and interpreted from the exhibition. Being different with traditional cultural festivals that have undergone a long period of development and have gradually become commonplace, these contemporary Chinese cultural festivals that have been created in a short period of time are actually a kind of rapid response to the development needs of local and ethnic groups. Consequently, these festivals are "artificially created". Among them, Singapore's "River Hongbao" and Malaysia's "National Chinese Cultural Festival" belong to the creation of national-level festivals, which involve more prominent in the establishment of the country's external cultural soft power, the reconciliation of internal ethnic relations and cultural and political competition. Moreover, the " Cheng Huang Festival in Kimmen" and "Matsu International Art Island Event " in Kinmen are local festivals, carrying the attempt of local social development and transformation, which are considered to be an aspect of the inheritance of social life and the shaping of contemporary culture. Meanwhile, along with the holding of festivals, abundant and complex cultural factors have been condensed and expressed in the festivals, leading to the gradual influence of local and national social development. Accordingly, due to the creation and performance of the festival, the power of the local region can be reconstructed. Based on the analysis and dialogue of these cases, why and how cultural festivals are created in contemporary society is expected to be summarized in this study. Moreover, through the practice of cultural festivals, the functions and benefits that can be played and produced in the current Chinese circle or Chinese society shall be explored.