青少年數位裝置使用時間、媒體多工與認知功能之相關研究

The Relationship Between Screen Time, Media Multitasking and Executive Functions in Adolescents

陳佳欣(Chen Chia-Hsin)

指導教授 ： 郭郡羽

國立臺灣師範大學/教育學院/創造力發展碩士在職專班/碩士(2023年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202300044

摘要

本研究旨在探討數位裝置使用時間及媒體多工與認知功能的相關性。研究的重點分別為：了解台灣青少年數位裝置使用時間與媒體多工現況、了解青少年數位裝置使用時間、媒體多工與認知功能的關係。本研究邀請國中生參與研究，有效樣本數為291，一共進行兩階段測驗：第一階段為問卷填答階段，參與者在此階段以電子化問卷填寫媒體多工量表、巴拉特衝動量表、正念量表、心理憂鬱量表與生活滿意度量表。第二階段為電腦化測驗階段，需依序完成工作記憶廣度作業、注意力網絡作業、規則轉換作業。本研究結果顯示：第一、青少年數位裝置使用平均時間為每週30.98小時、媒體多工的平均分數值為2.26。第二、數位裝置使用時間與工作記憶廣度、轉換能力、注意力之警覺、導引、執行控制之間沒有相關，但與注意力的反應時間有負相關。第三、媒體多工與規則轉換作業之間沒有相關，但與工作記憶廣度、注意力、抑制控制有負相關。第四、心理憂鬱量表與媒體多工有顯著的正相關、正念量表與媒體多工有顯著的負相關。但其整體結果可能因不同年齡、文化、研究設計、產生不同的研究結果，目前數位裝置使用時間與媒體多工對認知功能的研究在台灣及亞洲地區仍屈指可數，也期待本研究之實徵性證據能提供後續學者未來研究的參考依據。

關鍵字

青少年 ； 數位裝置使用時間 ； 媒體多工 ； 認知功能

並列摘要

The increasing prevalence of screen time and media multitasking among adolescents have raised the concerns regarding its effects on cognitive functions. Pervious studies have shown that such behaviors is associated with different cognitive functions, such as working memory capacity, attention, switching, and inhibition. However, a full understanding of the cognitive profile of media multitasking is imperative, thus, the current study examined the relationship between media multitask, cognitive functions for adolecents in Taiwan. In total, 291 participants (mean age, 12.44 years old, 51.90% female) were rectuited on campus. Counting span task, heart and flower task, attention network test, the barratt impulsiveness scale, center for epidemiological studies depression scale, satisfaction with life scale, mindful awareness attention scale were used. The key finding as following: (1) the screen time was 30.98 hours per week which is close to the result of 27.2 that was based on research of Child Welfare League Foundation R.O.C. on 2020. (2) there was no correlation between screen time with working memory capacity, switching, attention and inhibition. (3) the more frequent media multitasking was associated with poor performance on counting span task, attention network test, and with made more error on inhibition related index. (4) Last but not least, heavy media multitaskers are also reported with higher scores on depression scale than low media multitaskers. Nonetheless, the study may be influenced by age, culture, research design since there are only few researches about screen time, media multitasking and cognitive function in Taiwan and Asia. Therefore, it is expected that the study may have practicality as reference for others in the future.

並列關鍵字

adolescents ； screem time ； media multitasking ； cognitive functions

參考文獻

Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135-168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750

Miyake, A., Friedman, N. P., Emerson, M. J., Witzki, A. H., Howerter, A., & Wager, T. D. (2000). The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “frontal lobe” tasks: A latent variable analysis. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1999.0734

中文文獻

中華民國眼科醫學會（2019）：《2019全民護眼趨勢調查》。

吳慕皿（2021）：《台灣 1976名成人早期螢幕使用時間發展軌跡:青少年期社會資本的影響》（未出版碩士論文），國立台灣大學。