華語聽力寬度之教學試驗與分析––以當代台灣華語為例

聽力訓練在語言訓練中很重要，訊息的理解是聽力訓練重點，學習者脫離課堂環境後，需要面對與課堂聽力材料不同的各式口音，口音將會影響學習者的聽力理解，此時，若學習者的聽力只接受標準口音，語音理解會備感困難。因此在訓練中，不只使用標準口音的材料，也有必要採用更多面向的口音材料給學習者練習。本論文旨在設計不同於標準口音之聽力訓練教學，提供學習者對於華語聽力寬度的練習需求。本研究使用發展研究法，從兩種方向整理聽力寬度教學法設計基礎：其一，教學理論基礎，探討聽力理解、聽寫訓練、聽力寬度及教學法相關理論文獻，以及在聽力教材中，分析關於聽力寬度相關內容及設計理論。其二為進行融入聽力寬度的聽力設計，給予學習者聽力指導，在教學訓練後以聽寫和問卷方式記錄學習者對聽力寬度的意見與需求。本研究中的課程搭配網站「華語聽力通」之聽力教材，研究一共分為聽寫測驗、漢語口音整理與指導三步驟進行，課程實施後討論與彙整，分析課程前後測差異和參與者回饋等結論，總整課程修正方向提出建議。透過文獻探討、教學試驗以及課程回饋的彙整，經過研究發現，聽力寬度的訓練有其必要性，聽力寬度的實施訓練對華語學習者的聽力理解能力有所幫助，並且能同時提升學習者的認知以及自我學習認同。

關鍵字

華語文教學研究；華語聽力教學；聽力寬度；教學實施；聽寫測驗

並列摘要

Listening comprehension is important in listening training, once the learner has left the course ambiance, they must face accents different form the recording materials, the unfamiliar Mandarin accents will do effect to learners’ listening comprehension. If learners only accepts standard accent, will have difficulty on speech understanding. It is necessary to adopt varies kinds of accents material in Mandarin listening training. The research aims to design material using none standard accent to practice Mandarin listening range. The research uses developmental research method, organized the basic design in two aspects: First, literature review of the fundamental of teaching theory, listening comprehension, dictation training, and listening range. The other one, to train listening range, design specific listening method, supply listening method to learners, after the course, use dictation and questionnaire to record learners’ opinion and needs. The research listening materials take from “MANDARIN CHINESE LISTENING TRAINING”, a website provides accents listening materials, the research divided into three steps, which is: dictation pretest, listening range class, and dictation posttest; after all, collect data for discussion, to analyze dictation results before and after the listening range class, summarized the feedbacks from participants. The research went through the literature reviewed, teaching supplies, and feedbacks summarized, it shows the importance of listening range training, it will help language learners on listening comprehension, besides, it can improve language cognition and self-identity on learning achievement at the same time.