聽覺障礙者職場支持之現況與需求

本研究旨從社會支持的三層面：情緒性支持、訊息性支持、工具性支持，來瞭解臺灣聽覺障礙者之職場支持的現況與需求。並探討不同背景之聽覺障礙者在職場支持現況和需求的差異情形。研究者以自編之「聽覺障礙者職場支持之現況與需求」問卷為研究工具，以全臺灣聽覺障礙者為調查對象，問卷有手語線上連結問卷及書面問卷方式，回收兩類有效問卷：線上問卷66份，書面問卷84，共150份。所得資料以描述性統計、單因子變異數分析、以及重要度－表現分析法（IPA）等統計方法進行分析。本研究之重要發現如下：一、整體而言，聽覺障礙者仍是對「訊息性支持」向度需求最高，而對「工具性支持」向度需求最低；而在職場支持現況的提供上，也是「訊息性支持」向度最高，而對「工具性支持」向度最低。二、根據IPA的「集中關注區」結果，仍有職場支持項目未被滿足，需要立即改善：「公司會將我的工作場域減少噪音，使我更能清楚接收溝通訊息。」、「公司設有視覺提示系統，例如：即時跑馬燈廣播系統，火災警示燈，協助我逃生。」三、聽覺障礙者之職場支持現況在「職種」、「教育程度」有顯著差異，「職種」顯示出「工具性支持」：「技藝有關人員」獲得的支持比「專業人員」多、「機械設備操作及組裝人員」獲得的支持比「專業人員」多、「機械設備操作及組裝人員」獲得的支持比「事務支援人員」多；「教育程度」顯示出「工具性支持」：「高中職以下」的聽覺障礙者獲得的支持比「大學以上」的聽覺障礙者多。而職場支持需求在「教育程度」有顯著差異：「高中職以下」的聽覺障礙者的工具性需求比「大學以上」的聽覺障礙者高。四、研究結果，對政府單位、企業單位及未來研究提出建議：職場安全環境設施的必備性，例如火災警示燈；編入有關家庭支持與支持性就服員之題目；問卷內容的設計上，建議需要在情緒性支持的部分，再加入”歧視”或”接納”的議題等。

關鍵字

聽覺障礙者；職場支持；社會支持；需求

並列摘要

This study aims to understand the situations and needs of the individuals with hearing impairment in their workplaces in Taiwan from three aspects of social support: emotional, informational, and instrumental. In addition, it explores the differences in the status and needs among those individuals from different backgrounds in terms of workplace support supply. The researcher employed the self-designed questionnaire, “The Current Situation and Needs of Workplace Support for the Individuals with Hearing Impairment,” as the research tool for the individuals with hearing impairment in Taiwan as the target respondents. The questionnaires included sign language questionnaires (available online) and written questionnaires. A total of 150 valid questionnaires were completed and returned, including 66 sign language and 84 written questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed by statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, oneway ANOVA, and importance-performance analysis (IPA). The important findings of this study are as follows: 1. Overall, the demand for informational support is the highest while the demand for instrumental support is the lowest among the individuals with hearing impairment. In terms of workplace support supply, informational support is also the highest while instrumental support is the lowest. 2. According to the results of IPA's “Concentrate Here,” there are still needs of workplace support items that have not been met and requires immediate improvement. For example, “the company will reduce the noise in my workplace so that I can receive communication messages more clearly”; “the company has a visual reminder system, such as LED scrolling message display and fire warning lights, to help me escape during an emergency.” 3. The status of workplace support for the individuals with hearing impairment shows significant differences among “occupational types” and “educational level.” In terms of occupational type in the dimension of instrumental support, skilled workers have more support than professionals, while plant and machine operators and assemblers have more support than both professionals and business support workers. In terms of educational level in the same dimension, senior high school graduates and under have more support than college graduates and above. In the dimension of the demand for workplace support, a significant difference is also found in educational level between two groups: senior high school graduates and under, and college graduates and above. However, the demand for workplace support is still greater among the former than the latter. 4. Finally, this study also discusses policy implications and suggestions for both corporations and future research directions, particularly on the following topics: workplace safety (e.g., fire warning lights), family support and supportive career counselors etc. Regarding questionnaire design, topics such as discrimination and acceptance should be included in the aspect of emotional support.