概念構圖融入國小五年級國語文閱讀理解之行動研究

隨著十二年國教的實施，以素養為導向的新課綱，閱讀能力成為了所有學科的核心基礎，其中「閱讀理解」更是其中的關鍵。研究者在教學現場觀察到，升上高年級後，文章篇幅增長，內容涵蓋更為豐富，尤其在現今資訊速食的時代，學生在面對文章時很難專注地去閱讀文章，並理解其中的意義。所以如何從讀到讀懂，將所閱讀到的訊息變得有意義，成為現場教師的一大課題。故本研究運用概念構圖融入國小五年級國語文閱讀理解，試圖去解決此問題。　　本研究之研究目的為：一、瞭解運用概念構圖教學於國小五年級學生國語文閱讀理解之歷程。二、探究運用概念構圖於國小五年級學生國語文閱讀理解之成效。三、瞭解教師運用概念構圖教學於國小五年級學生國語文閱讀理解所面臨的問題和因應之道。四、探討教師運用概念構圖教學課程於國小五年級學生國語文閱讀理解的省思與成長。本研究採行動研究，以中部某國小五年級的25位學生為研究對象，由研究者實施為期八週共16堂的概念構圖課程。本研究工具採用學生概念構圖作品、焦點團體訪談及教師教學省思札記等三種不同類型的研究資料。本研究結果經主題分析法及相依樣本ｔ考驗後，研究結果顯示，學生在運用概念構圖於國語文閱讀理解的歷程時，學生繪製概念構圖的步驟包含「閱讀-建構-修正」；學生在繪製概念構圖的思維方式包含了「演繹法」與「歸納法」。而學生在概念構圖教學課程前後所繪製的作品進行比較後，發現學童的整體閱讀理解能力有提升。研究者亦從三大面向「教師教學」、「學生學習」、「師生互動」來呈現教師在運用概念構圖教學所會面臨到的問題和應對方式。經歷這次研究過程後也讓教師產生了省思並有所成長。　　最後，研究者依據研究發現提出四點討論：一、概念構圖能協助學生呈現其思維方式及歷程，打破標準答案框架；二、概念構圖增加學生低層次閱讀理解，而高層次閱讀理解仍有待提升；三、學生對於使用概念構圖看法不一致，需要更多時間練習，使用概念構圖才會更得心應手；四、從理論和實務之反思，建構出適合本研究場域的教學方案。在未來研究建議上，可考慮增加此課程的實施時間、選取不同規模學校及樣本數、將概念構圖擴及至多文體、多文本、多領域等，作為未來研究之參考。

關鍵字

概念構圖；國語文領域；閱讀理解；行動研究

並列摘要

With the implementation of the 12-Year Basic Education and the new literacy-oriented curriculum, reading has become a foundational skill for every subject, and reading comprehension is particularly critical. The researcher has observed in the classroom that reading materials become longer and richer in content for fifth and sixth graders; however, in this era of fast-food consumption of information, it is difficult for students to maintain focus while reading and to understand the meaning of the text. Teaching them how to focus on reading and make sense of texts is therefore one of the most important task for working teachers. The present study attempts to address the issue by integrating concept mapping in fifth grade Mandarin lessons to enhance reading comprehension. 　　The purposes of this research are (1) to understand the students’ learning process of, (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of, (3) to identify the problems and solutions of, and (4) to investigate the teacher’s reflections on and growth after using concept mapping in reading comprehension in fifth grade Mandarin. The study follows an action research design. The researcher planned and conducted an eight-week, 16-period course to 25 fifth graders of an elementary school in central Taiwan, kept a reflective journal of the teaching, and carried out a focus group interview with the students. The concept maps created by the students were collected as the research data along with the journal and the interview. After a thematic analysis and a dependent sample t-test, the results showed that the students followed three steps, “reading-construction-correction,” and applied deductive and inductive reasoning when they drew a concept map. The comparison of the students’concept mapping works before and after the concept mapping course indicated an improvement in reading comprehension skills. The problems the researcher faced as the teacher and the corresponding responses were presented in this research from three aspects: the teacher’s teaching, the students’ learning, and the teacher-student interaction. The teacher had reflected and learned from the experience. According to the research findings, the researcher concludes that (1) concept mapping enables students to visualize their train of thoughts and to think outside the box, (2) concept mapping facilitates low-order comprehension but not so much high-order comprehension, and (3) concept mapping has received mixed reviews from the students and they need more practice to familiarize themselves with the technique. (4) A lesson plan for concept mapping is devised based on theoretical and practical considerations. Future research is recommended to extend course duration, select schools of different sizes, vary the sample size, or expand the use of concept mapping to multiple texts, various text genres, and other subjects.