中國與中亞能源合作之研究—以地緣政治觀點為中心

能源是人類賴以生存的基礎，近年世界各國對石油與天然氣需求量與日俱增，其中中國已成為世界第二大石油消費國，2011年消耗石油約4.68億噸，石油對外依存度亦達54.8％，為確保其國家整體利益，分別與中東、非洲、南美及中亞、南亞等地區展開能源合作。位於大陸西北區域的中亞，石油與天然氣產量豐富，已成為美國、俄羅斯、歐盟、日本等世界強權競逐與合作的對象，中國基於地緣優勢，2006至2011年已先後與哈薩克、土庫曼完成原油及天然氣輸送管道合作，可大幅降低對中東地區石油的依賴，亦可避免海上運輸能源的風險，顯示中國與中亞能源合作已進入實質、全面性的階段。本文將以新地緣政治理論從政治、地理、經濟與意識（社會）形態等四個面向，探討中國與中亞能源合作之最佳利益。

關鍵字

中亞；地緣政治；能源；石油；天然氣

並列摘要

The energy is humanity's livelihood foundation,Recent years various countries grew day by day to the petroleum and the natural gas demand,And China has become the world second big petroleum country of consumption,In 2011 consumes the petroleum the approximately 468,000,000 tons, the petroleum foreign degree of dependency also reaches 54.8%, to guarantee that its national overall benefit.Separately with areas and so on Middle East, Africa, South America and Central Asia, South Asia launches the cooperation in the field of energy. Central Asia located at northwest region of China, the petroleum and the natural gas output are rich, has become world might and so on US, Russia, European Union, Japan to compete with the cooperation object,China based on the geography superiority. from 2006 to 2011 with Khazakhstan, Turkmenistan has completed the crude oil and the natural gas transportation pipeline cooperation separately success.It reduce largely to the Mideast petroleum dependence for China, and may also avoid the sea transportation energy the risk.NO doubt today China and the Central Asia cooperation in the field of energy entered the essence, the integrity stage,This thesis conduct the mothodoloy have of the new geopolitics theory from politics, the geography, the economy and ideology to discusses China and the Central Asia cooperation in the field of energy the best benefit.