以失效模式與效應分析方法於客製化汽車生產流程改善-以某汽車廠為例

對應汽車市場需求快速變化，多樣少量化生產已成為現代化製造系統的一個趨勢。為了應付不同客戶之特殊需求，提供客製化樣式汽車是某些車廠提升市場佔有率的策略之一。然而，汽車的生產需要很多道製程，對於特殊樣式之訂單車，若無有效措施管制整個生產過程，很容易由於無料可裝或物料錯誤等原因造成生產中斷，甚至影響整條生產線產出。本研究針對汽車廠之客製化訂單車之接單及生產管制流程進行失效模式與效應分析，藉由問卷調查方式詢問相關數據，找出重要的作業流程。以品管手法之特性要因圖分析與檢討造成交期延誤及規格不符需求等相關失效原因，並對重要流程進行問題改善。

關鍵字

失效模式與效應分析；風險優先值；特性要因分析；汽車業

並列摘要

In response to the needs of a rapidly changing automotive market, small-volume large-variety production has become a trend in modern manufacturing systems. To cope with the special needs for different customers, offering customized style car is one of the strategies of some auto plants to increase market share. However, car assembly requires a lot of production process. For special customized cars, without effective measures to control the entire production process, it is easily resulted in lack of material or production disruptions caused by material errors. Moreover, it will even affect the throughput of an entire production line. In this study, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis is used to analyze receipts of orders and production control processes. By a questionnaire survey asking related data, important operation procedures are identified. Causes and Effects Chart in quality control techniques is used to analyze and review the causes of delivery delays, inconsistent specifications and others, which are relevant to failures. The related problems are also solved to improve important procedures.