臺灣培育學童綜合學力之總要素生產力分析

本研究主旨為在探討臺灣培養學童綜合學力成果之效率與國際間的比較。研究對象為跨期參與2006年(2007年）與2011年間持續並同時參與TIMSS及PIRLS測驗的國家，選取的國家包括英國、美國、奧地利、香港與臺灣等13國。資料來源為IEA（The International Association for the Evaluation of Education Achievement）及UIS的調查結果，採用資料包絡分析之BCC產出導向模型與麥氏生產力指數進行研究。研究結果指出13個國家的效率在2006(2007）年BCC變動報酬模式下得到的分析如下，技術效平均值0.984，規模效率值0.86，臺灣的技術效值1，規模效率值1並且是最適規模報酬，表示臺灣在13國中相對效率較高。2011年的分析結果則是技術效率平均值0.987，規模效率值0.754，臺灣的技術效率值1，規模效率值0.86，而規模報酬則是遞減。在這一期的13個國家中，技術有效率的國家由6國成長為8國，規模有效率則由4國減少為2國。在麥氏生產力指數的研究結果則顯示平均總要素生產力為0.865，總效率變動0.86，技術變動為1.044，純技術效率為1.003，規模效率為0.868，整體看來13個國家中有2個國家的總要素生產力是進步的，而有11個國家是呈現衰退。臺灣的總要素生產力0.865表示是衰退的，主要的因素是來自於規模效率的退步。

關鍵字

學童綜合學力；教育經費；資料包絡分析法；麥氏生產力指數

並列摘要

The purpose of this study is to explore Taiwan’s children integrative academic attainment efficiency and the comparison with its overseas counterparts. The subjects were involved in inter-temporal participation in the 2006 (2007) and 2011 surveys while at the same time attending the TIMSS and PIRLS tests, conducted in selected countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Austria, Hong Kong, Taiwan, a total of 13 countries. Data from the IEA(The International Association for the Evaluation of Education Achievement)and the UIS survey results were treated by the BCC output-oriented model of the data envelopment analysis and Malmquist Productivity Index to proceed with the research. The results of the study pointed out that the efficiency of the 13 countries in the 2006 (2007) BCC variable returns to scale analysis were as follows: technical efficiency mean: 0.984, scale efficiency value: 0.86, Taiwan’s technical efficiency value was 1, scale efficiency value was 1 and had the best returns to scale, which meant that of the 13 countries, Taiwan had a relatively higher efficiency. The 2011 analysis results showed the technical efficiency man to be 0.987, the scale efficiency value, 0.754, Taiwan’s technical efficiency value was 1 and the scale efficiency value was 0.86 with diminishing returns to scale. During that period, among these 13 countries, the countries with technical efficiency shot up from 6 to 8 whereas the countries with scale of efficiency dropped from 4 to 2. The results of the Malmquist Productivity Index showed that the total factor productivity was 0.865, total efficiency changes 0.86, technological change, 1.044, pure technical efficiency 1.03 and scale of efficiency, 0.868. Of the overall 13 countries, only 2 had their total factor productivity progressing whereas the remaining 11 countries’ all declined. Taiwan’s total factor productivity was 0.865, which meant a decline, the main reason being a regression in scale efficiency