台灣IC設計產業經營績效之研究

為了能在高度競爭與景氣低迷的市場環境中維持優勢進而永續經營，為公司與股東創造最大的營收與利潤，那麼利用科學統計方法，建立一套客觀有效的績效評估機制已是當務之急。本研究係以2008年至2010年為研究期間，以台灣地區37家IC設計上市上櫃公司為研究對象，採用資料包絡分析法(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)與Tobit迴歸模型，分析台灣IC設計公司曾投入與產出的財務資料，來評估台灣IC設計公司的經營效率。實證結果發現，2008年至2010年台灣地區37家IC設計公司技術效率平均值為0.737，顯示整體IC設計產業尚有26.3%之效率改善空間，無效率的原因大部分來自於純技術無效率。再者，參酌差額變數分析的結果，針對個別無效率的IC設計公司提供最適資源配置之建議，以期達成有效率。此外，在IC設計公司的投入產出變數中，以員工人數對經營效率之敏感度最高，管理決策者欲提升經營效率，建議從員工人數著手，以有效解決無效率的問題。最後，Tobit迴歸分析結果為員工產值與內部人持股比對技術效率呈現顯著正向關係，研發費用率與資本密集度則呈現顯著負向關係。

關鍵字

IC設計；資料包絡分析法； Tobit ；經營績效

並列摘要

In a highly competitive and downturn market environment, to maintain an advantage, to manage sustainably , and to maximize the revenue and profit for the firm and its shareholders, it’s imperative to establish a set of objective and effective evaluation mechanism of the performance according to scientific and statistical methods. For the purpose of evaluating the operational performance of the fabless firms in Taiwan, both Data Envelopment Analysis and Tobit regression model are utilized by this study to analyze the financial information of inputs and outputs, which belongs to 37 listed fabless firms during the period from 2008 to 2010. The empirical results reveal that the average of technical efficiency is 0.737, which means that the overall fabless industry still has room of 26.3% to improve its efficiency and the causes of inefficiencies are mostly owing to pure technical inefficiencies. In addition, Slack Analyses provide each of the inefficient fabless firms with the suggestions of optimal resource allocation. Furthermore, the variable “employee” is the most sensitive to the operational performance among the variables of the inputs and outputs of the fabless firms. Therefore, if the manager or the decision-maker wants to improve his/her operational performance, it is recommended to deal with “Emloyees” first. Finally, the Tobit Regression result shows that the employee productivity and inside ownership are positively related to technical efficiency, but R & D expense ratio and capital intensity are negatively related.