桃園縣大規模災害緊急應變能量之探討以地震為例

臺灣位於環太平洋地震帶西側與北太平洋西部颱風海域，易發生颱風、地震、水災、土石流等天然災害，加上地小人稠、土地使用密集及過度開發利用造成人為災害不斷。政府是否能有效防範災害、迅速搶救災情，即成為人民對政府最殷切的盼望和要求，所以如何保障人民生命財產安全，強化整個防救災的體系及效率，為目前政府之首要任務。依據災害防救法與災害應變中心開設時機，對於重大災害均設定為估計15人以上傷亡、失蹤或災害有擴大之虞，即成立災害應變中心一級開設，但對於大規模災害，如1999年921集集大地震、2009年莫拉克風災等，則沒有更清楚明確的相關敘述。本研究採用臺灣地震損失評估系統TELES，模擬湖口斷層錯動，評估對桃園縣各鄉鎮影響與其造成之損害，依據模擬的建物倒塌、人員傷亡等災害結果與桃園現有的防救災應變能量比對與探討，進而檢驗分析桃園縣規劃的大規模應變計畫是否有不足及待加強之處，以供桃園縣發生大規模災害時因應對策與改進參考；根據本研究的案例分析發現，目前許多救災避難場所位於湖口斷層的影響範圍內，應考慮其他遠離震災範圍的場所，避免二次傷害；而災害通報話務作業目前可負荷六十線，但後續的進線可轉至語音留言，約可負荷達兩百線，但仍建議建立國家層級的災報中心，以因應災害時的通報；在醫療處理能量上，當地震達芮氏規模6.4時，楊梅市日間的醫療嚴重度指標MSI為1.84，平鎮市約為2.31；楊梅市夜間為3.02，平鎮市為3.35；當地震達芮氏規模6.6時，楊梅市日間的醫療嚴重度指標MSI為2.93，平鎮市約為3.55；楊梅市夜間為4.91，平鎮市為5.24，都屬於災時非常嚴重缺乏醫療資源的地方，此外，龍潭鄉夜間約為1.43，也必須注意，本研究亦考量若扣除因地震關係，導致部分醫療院所喪失救治功能，則全桃園縣的MSI高達1.96，可見湖口斷層若發生地震對整個桃園縣的醫療所造成衝擊之鉅，必須有更周延之配套措施因應，才可將災害減至最低。

關鍵字

大規模災害；緊急應變；應變能量

並列摘要

Taiwan is located between the western the Ring of Fire (or sometimes called the circum-Pacific seismic belt,) and the northwestern part of Pacific Ocean, where are easily hit by typhoons, earthquakes, floods, mudflows and landslides etc. Moreover, over-population in this narrow land, overused lands, and over-development result in incessant disasters. Whether the government is competent of preventing disasters, responding and rescuing efficiently proves to be the citizens’ greatest anticipation and requests. Therefore, how to assure the citizens’ life and property, to strengthen the whole prevention and protection system as well as advance its efficiency are the main priority for the time being. Based on Disaster Prevention and Protection Act, while the major disasters happened, so the emergency operation center (EOC) set up, such as estimation with casualties over 15, the missing or any situations posed risks on disasters. However, no relevant statements or descriptions regarding large-scale disasters like the Chi-Chi earthquake, struck Taiwan in Sep. 21, 1999, the Typhoon Morakot in 2009 etc. are clearly presented in the Act and regulations of EOC mentioned above. This research adopts Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (TELES), to simulate the movements of Hukou fault, so to evaluate how great the impact is to other villages and townships which are located on the fault. Based on the simulation and all the manpower and resources concerning disaster preventions and responses, currently Taoyuan possesses, the research probes into plans regarding Taoyuan large-scale emergency disaster response, so to provide further information about strategies and measures while massive disasters happen in Taoyuan.

並列關鍵字

large-scale disasters ； emergency response ； response ability

參考文獻

1.Tierney, K.J ; M.K. Lindell, and .W. Perry,2001, Facing the Unexpected： Disaster Preparedness and Response in the United States. National Academy Press, World Bank. 2001年。

Google Scholar

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