網形法衛星即時動態定位之運作效能分析-以新竹測點為例

近年來全球導航衛星系統(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS)的使用漸廣，而運用GNSS衛星定位基準網之網形法即時動態定位技術(Network Real Time Kinematic, NRTK)，則已具有施測便捷及高精度之定位效能。本研究以新竹為測試區域，運用森泰儀器公司所架設之Civil-Net服務網，分別以該系統所提供之VRS（Virtual Reference Station, VRS）與FKP（Flachen Korrektur Parameter）作業模式，接收GPS/GLONASS衛星組合之觀測量，以進行測點定位成果之中誤差、坐標較差與定位成功率的比較，並針對作業模式與測點間之坐標成果，進行其差異量之顯著性測試，以全面瞭解NRTK定位技術之運作效能。研究結果顯示，在定位系統相關之測試中，在VRS與FKP之作業模式下，FKP之平面誤差0.32 cm 略優於VRS之0.39 cm；定位成功率則以VRS的86%優於FKP之70%。運用GNSS組合觀測量時，其平面誤差0.35cm優於GPS之0.53 cm，高程定位誤差則以GPS之1.21 cm 優於GNSS的1.69 cm。在時空環境相關之測試中，對於中午與傍晚之作業時段，傍晚時段之定位成功率可優於中午時段；另在基準網內部與基準網外部之定位精度與成功率，皆以基準網內部測點之成果表現較佳。

關鍵字

全球導航衛星系統；網形法即時動態定位；基準網

並列摘要

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has been widely used in the recent years. The Network Real Time Kinematic (NRTK) technique also shows its rapid and accurate positioning performance. In this study, the points located in the HsinChu area, were tested using the Civil-Net service network. Two types of NRTK technique, namely the Virtual Reference Station (VRS) and the Flachen Korrektur Parameter (FKP), were adopted with the combined observation of GPS/GLONASS for positioning tests. The precision, coordinate differences and success rates were estimated from different sets of positioning results. The significance tests were also carried on for the positioning results to fully realize the operational performance of NRTK. It can be seen from the test results that the horizontal precision of 0.32 cm based on FKP is slightly better than that of 0.35 cm using VRS. However, the VRS provided 86% of success rate, which is better than FKP’s 70%. When using GNSS or GPS observations, the horizontal and vertical precisions were 0.35 cm and 1.69 cm for GNSS, or 0.53 cm and 1.21 cm for GPS. It was also found that the evening session showed a better performance on success rate than that of the afternoon session. The test points located inside the reference network performed better than the points operating outside the network.