關於預付-現金-信用交易條件下考慮含有不良品與碳排放政策之退化性物品的生產存貨問題

全球暖化與極端氣候已為全球自然生態和社會經濟發展帶來許多負面的影響，因此各國政府相繼研擬並採取碳排減量政策來降低企業營運活動對環境帶來的衝擊。企業在進行生產與存貨管理的過程中，如何將碳排減量政策納入決策進行調整，是攸關能否永續發展的關鍵。另一方面，現實買賣交易中，賣方通常會要求買方在下單時預先支付一部分金額作為訂單履約的保障；接著，在收到物品時再支付一部分的購買費用，剩餘的貨款則允許在一段信用交易期間後才付清。此種所謂的「預付-現金-信用」的交易條件已見普遍。因此，本論文擬建立在預付-現金-信用交易的一般化條件下，考慮碳限額與交易的碳排減量政策之經濟生產批量模式。模式中亦考慮生產過程中含有不良品以及物品具有退化現象。主要目的是決定最適的生產與存貨策略以使得考慮碳限額與交易政策下的總利潤為最大。在模式求解部分，擬藉由數學分析針對所建立的模式進行求解。進一步，將利用較符合實際狀況的數值範例來說明求解程序，並對模式的參數進行敏感性分析，以了解企業在面臨環境變化時，如何進行最適決策的調整及對總利潤的影響。最後，希望透過數值分析所獲得一些有意義的管理意涵，能提供管理者進行相關決策時的參考依據。

關鍵字

存貨；預付-現金-信用交易；經濟生產批量；不良品；碳排放

並列摘要

Global warming and extreme weather have brought many negative impacts to the natural ecology and socio-economic development. Therefore, governments of various countries have successively formulated and adopted carbon emission reduction policies to reduce the impact of business operations on the environment. In the process of production and inventory management, how to incorporate carbon emission reduction policies into decision-making adjustments is the key to sustainable development. On the other hand, in actual sales and purchases, the seller usually requires the buyer to pay a part of the amount in advance as a guarantee for order performance; then, pay a part of the purchase cost when the item is received, and the remaining payment is allowed in a credit transaction The payment will be made after the period. The so-called "advance -cash-credit" payment has become common. Therefore, this study intends to establish an economic production batch model based on the generalized conditions of advance-cash-credit transactions, considering carbon allowances and transactional carbon emission reduction policies. The model also considers defective products in the production process and deterioration of the products. The main purpose is to determine the most suitable production and inventory strategy to maximize the total profit under the consideration of carbon allowances and trading policies. In the model solving part, it is planned to solve the established model through mathematical analysis. Further, numerical examples that are more in line with actual conditions will be used to illustrate the solution procedure, and sensitivity analysis of model parameters will be carried out to understand how companies make the most appropriate decision-making adjustments and their impact on total profits when faced with environmental changes. Finally, I hope that some meaningful management implications can be obtained through numerical analysis, which can provide managers with decision-making reference when making relevant decisions.