家長教養方式對國中生學業成就影響之研究
-以TEPS資料庫為例

本研究主要在探討家長的教養方式對國中生學業成就的影響。本研究資料來源取自2003年「台灣教育長期資料追蹤庫」（Taiwan Education Panel Study，簡稱TEPS）施測的問卷，此問卷的研究對象是台灣地區92學年度國中三年級的學生，共7872人。將這些資料以描述統計分析、t檢定和單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行分析，藉以瞭解不同家庭背景因素對家長教養方式和學生學業成就的影響，以及家長教養方式對學生學業成就的影響為何。綜合歸納主要的結果發現有：一、家庭背景因素、家長教養方式以及學生學業成就之情況描述（一）家庭背景因素分布之情形 1.家長教育程度不高，與年年創新高的上大學的入學率相差很多。 2.家庭月收入非常低，顯示台灣社會貧富差距大。 3.家長職業以「買賣業」和「生產、製造業」為主，顯示家長職業類別差距大。 4.家長行業以「製造或營造業」和「服務業」為主，顯示家長行業類別差距大。（二）家長教養方式偏向「剛柔並濟的方式」，以往較嚴厲的教養方式已隨社會變遷、教育制度更迭而漸漸改變。（三）學生學業成就偏向第二類「中成就」，呈常態分布。二、不同家庭背景因素對家長教養方式的影響（一）不同家長教育程度，其教養方式有顯著差異，教育程度越高的家長，其教養方式越偏向「柔性教養方式」，越開明。（二）不同家庭月收入，其教養方式有顯著差，家庭月收入愈高的家長，其教養方式愈偏向「柔性教養方式」，越開明。（三）不同家長職業，其教養方式有顯著差異，教職人員的家長教養方式最柔性開明，軍警人員的家長教養方式最剛性嚴厲。（四）不同家長行業，其教養方式無顯著差異，政府部門的家長教養方式最柔性開明，農林漁牧礦業的家長教養方式最剛性嚴厲。三、不同家庭背景因素對學生學業成就的影響（一）不同家長教育程度，其學生學業成就有顯著差異，家長教育程度愈高，學生學業成就表現愈好。（二）不同家庭月收入，其學生學業成就有顯著差異，家庭月收入愈高，學生學業成就表現愈好。（三）不同家長職業，其學生學業成就有顯著差異，教職人員的子女學業成就最高，生產、設備操作及體力工的子女學業成就最低。（四）不同家長行業，其學生學業成就有顯著差異，家長是政府部門行業者，其子女學業成就最高，家長是農林漁牧礦業行業者，其子女學業成就最低。四、家長教養方式不同對學生的學業成就影響（一）家長教養方式對學生學業成就有預測力。

關鍵字

教養方式；學業成就； TEPS

並列摘要

The study mainly explores the effects of parenting style and junior high school students’ academic achievement. The data of this study is from the testing questionnaire of Taiwan Education Panel Study (shortened as TEPS) in 2003. The study objects of this questionnaire are the third year students of junior middle school in 2003 academic year in Taiwan, with a total 7872 persons. These data is analyzed by descriptive statistics analysis, t-test and ANOVA analysis and other statistics methods, so as to understand the effects of different family background factors to parenting style and academic achievement of students and the effects of parenting style to academic achievement of students. The major results are summarized as the following: I. Condition Description of Family Background Factors, Parenting Styles and Academic Achievements of Students i. Distribution Conditions of Family Background Factors 1. Parents are not well educated and the low educational level has large difference with college enrollment rate which creates new high every year. 2. Monthly family income is very low which presents a large social gap between the wealthy and poor in Taiwan. 3. The occupations of parents are mainly in trading enterprise and production & manufacturing industry, and it displays the large gap in occupational categories of parents. 4. The industries of parents are mainly in manufacturing industry & construction industry and service industry, and it displays the large gap in industries of parents. ii. The parenting style is inclined to Method of Coupling Hardness with Softness. The previous tougher parenting style has been changed gradually along with the changes of society and alternation of educational system. iii. It is normal that the academic achievement of students is inclined to the 2nd type of “Medium Achievement”. II. Effects of Different Family Background Factors to Parenting Style i. Parents with different educational status have significant differences in parenting styles. Parents with higher educational status are more inclined to flexible parenting style and more open-minded. ii. Parents with different monthly family income have significant differences in parenting styles. Parents with higher monthly family income are more inclined to flexible parenting style and more open-minded. iii. Parents with different occupations have significant differences in parenting styles. The parenting style of teaching staff is of the most flexibility and the most open-mind, while the parenting style of military and police officers is of the most rigidness and the most stringency. iv. Parents with different industries have significant differences in parenting styles. The parenting style of government sectors is of the most flexibility and the most open-mind, and the parenting style of agriculture, forestry, fishery, animal husbandry and mining industries is of the most rigidness and the most stringency. III. Effects of Different Family Background Factors to Academic Achievements of Students i. Parents with different educational level have significant differences in academic achievements of students. The higher the educational level the parents get, the better the academic achievements the students will have. ii. Parents with different monthly family incomes have significant differences in academic achievements of students. The higher the monthly family income is, the better the academic achievements of students will be. iii. Parents with different occupations have significant differences in academic achievements of students. The academic achievements of students of teaching staff are the highest, while the academic achievements of students of production & equipment operators and laborers are the lowest. iv. Parents with different industries have significant differences in academic achievements of students. The academic achievements of students of government officials are the highest, while the academic achievements of students of farmers, forest-keepers, fishers, animal feeders, and miners are the lowest. IV. Effects of Parenting Style to Academic Achievements of Students i. Parenting Style to Academic Achievements of Students have predictive power.