以生態觀點探討物流產業之策略演化

摘要：雖然物流業的研究已漸受到重視，但大多由生產管理的觀點探討，本研究由策略管理之生態演化觀點，探討物流業面對環境劇烈變化下，如何改變本身利基寬度，選擇不同生態演化策略與上下游廠商的互動過程。本研究以生態相關理論為基礎，發展出生態環境、利基寬度策略及同形演化模式，藉由兩家物流業者之個案驗證理論。研究結果顯示，業者在萌芽期與成長期，會選擇利基寬度較窄的專才策略，進而促使產業上下游產生規範同形以及強制同形；在成熟期時，受產業影響產生模仿同形，廠商會選擇利基寬度較寬的通才策略。在學術上，本研究由生態觀點，探討物流業者如何面對環境變化而不斷調整本身經營策略，彌補了過去物流產業研究上的缺口，實務上，本研究由生態觀點提供物流業者各發展階段的參考。

關鍵字

組織生態；物流業；利基理論；同形演化；個案分析

並列摘要

Abstract：Despite research on logistics management has increased in recent years, yet most studies focused on production research. This study from an ecological perspective to explore how the third party logistics company changes its niche width under rigid competition we well as builds long relationships with upstream suppliers and downstream retailers. The so-called niche width refers to resource utilization by companies where the less the resource is used, the narrower the company’s niche width. From a ecological view, this study builds a model of ‘ecological environments, niche strategy and isomorphic evolution strategy. By using a comparative case study approach, this study reveals that under an unsophisticated environment, the companies are apt to choose a narrower niche width. When facing a turmoil change, the companies will adopt width niche and conduct three isomorphic evolutions: coercive isomorphism, mimetic isomorphism and normative isomorphism in terms for different relationships with suppliers and retailers. This study fills the gap in logistic management by contributing how firms transform under the changes of ecological environment. In practice, this study provides a transformable case in this regard.