PPgMA/蒙脫土以及高密度聚乙烯/蒙脫土的奈米複合材料之製備、鑑定與機械性質研究

本研究是利用熔融層插法之混煉程序，製備改質聚丙烯(PPgMA)/蒙脫土(MMT)以及高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/蒙脫土之高分子黏土奈米複材(PCN)，並探討機械性質。使用PPgMA以及HDPE為基材，分別添加百康(BAI KONG, PK-8342) MMT為增強材。另外在HDPE之中使用馬來酐(MA)作為介面活性劑，再添加起始劑-過氧化二異丙苯(DCP)來改質，經由塑譜儀混煉後再熱壓的方式，製備出PCN試片，探討藉由添加不同重量百分比的MMT及DCP，研究層間距離與機械性質，以決定出一最佳化之處理濃度及加工參數。為了改善HDPE軟且弱之機械性質，添加2種不同的界面活性劑DCP及MA來接枝改質。首先添加蒙脫土(MMT)作為增強材，並使用馬來酸酐(MA) 作為界面活性劑，使HDPE具有極性再添加DCP改質。經由塑譜儀混煉後再熱壓的方式，製備出PCN試片。探討添加不同重量百分比(1、3、5 wt%) 的MMT，進行MMT的層間距離以及機械 (拉伸、衝擊、硬度、耐磨耗等)等試驗，再經由掃描式電子顯微鏡(TEM)觀察衝擊破斷面與磨耗表面。藉由塑譜儀混煉得知，有效的剪切應力與適當的轉速也是決定黏土分散好壞的原因之一，所以對於不同材料及相容劑必須有不同的混煉溫度，才能達到最佳的混煉效果。研究結果發現在HDPE/MMT奈米複材中，硬度與磨耗間有優良之線性關係，且隨硬度愈高其抗磨耗性愈增強。而且加入DCP改質後可補強HDPE的剛性，可大幅改善HDPE基材的衝擊強度、硬度值、耐磨耗強度，但相對地抗拉強度減少。由於改善磨耗量、衝擊強度與硬度等提升，因此可增加產品使用上之壽命與安全性。另外在PPgMA/MMT奈米複材中，硬度在1wt%時有明顯提升，3與5 wt%開始下降，但是抗拉強度隨著硬度增加而下降，此結果與一般認知的軟而軔之性質有所不同。

關鍵字

高分子黏土奈米複合材料；聚丙烯；高密度聚乙烯；蒙脫土；機械性質

並列摘要

This experiment used the melt-mixing layer of interpolation procedure, to prepare the modified polypropylene (PPgMA) / montmorillonite (MMT), high-density polyethylene (HDPE) / montmorillonite nano-clay complex of the polymer material (PCN), and to explore their mechanical properties. PPgMA as well as HDPE are matrix materials; add Bai Kong (BAI KONG, PK-8342) MMT to strengthen the material. Also, use HDPE and maleic anhydride (MA) as the surfactant interface. Afterward, start to add the agents?odicumylperoxide (DCP), which modifies the hot plastic spectrometer after the mixing method PCN test piece is prepared in order to explore weight percentage while adding different percentages of MMT, and the DCP, which contains research inter-layer distance and mechanical properties that determine the best of one's concentration and processing parameters. In order to understand and improve these soft and weak mechanical properties of HDPE, first we add MMT as reinforcement material, and then use MA and DCP as the surfactant; to join the pieces of HDPE together, making it acquire polarization. After that, use a Plastograph-Mixer with the twin-screw mixed method to obtain standard shaped specimens of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites (PCN) to prepare HDPE / MMT nanocomposites pellets. By adding the different weight percentages (1, 3, 5wt%) of MMT, and 2:1 of MA and MMT, the layer distance of MMT and mechanical property of nanocomposites was investigated. The test shows that the hardness and wear-resistance have a good linear relationship with the HDPE / MMT nano-complex material, the higher hardness will have higher wear-resistance. Also, joining the DCP after modified the rigid reinforced HDPE, HDPE base material will significantly improve their impact strength, hardness, wear intensity, excluding the reduce on the tensile strength. As a result of improving on the wear resistance, impact strength, and hardness, the products life cycle and safety issue will increase. In addition when PPgMA / MMT nano-complex material, the hardness improved significantly as 1wt%, and decrease when 3 and 5 wt%. But the tensile strength decreased with the increase in hardness, the results showing with the general perception of the nature of the soft and firmware is different.