地理資訊系統應用於校園火災避難模擬-以清雲科技大學清雲館為例

目前地理資訊系統在交通路網、路網分析及路徑選擇的應用相當廣泛，在避難規劃上也有許多的研究發展；傳統校園空間的複雜性及使用率較其他區域為高，大範圍監控較困難，當發生火災時，避難指揮系統將面臨重大的考驗。一般建築物的避難逃生路徑規劃方式無法將空間危險度納入考量，當前所發展的地理資訊系統能將空間屬性及逃生路網等資訊一起整合，可以直接提供給指揮人員作為搶救決策依據，並順利導引到安全避難地點，等待救援。本研究採用空間屬性危險度之設定，作為火災避難逃生路線上之權重來模擬分析逃生路徑的效率，研究範圍侷限在清雲科技大學之清雲館建築，以逃生路線為主軸，研究火災對於避難逃生路徑之危害因子，並運用層級分析法分析各類影響因子對權重值之影響，並結合到GIS路網分析系統中，以求得較安全之火災避難路線。研究成果顯示相同路線的避難逃生速度會受到路段之空間危險度影響而增加時間成本，最終影響避難路徑之選擇。經過路網決策分析後，趨勢顯示雖然逃生路線長度較大，但其危害性相對較低。本研究成果可提供作為公共使用建築物及其他多用途住商綜合大樓建築物內避難逃生路徑的多重選擇及決策模式之參考。

關鍵字

地理資訊系統；避難逃生；層級分析法；校園風險值；路網分析

並列摘要

Presently, Geographical Information System (GIS) is widely applied in Traffic Network, Road Network Analysis and in Road Selection and research and development in hazard escape planning are also quite popular. Traditionally, the complexity of campus space and its utilization are also higher than other area, where large scope monitoring is rather difficult. When fire break out, hazard escape directing system is subject to test. In ordinary building, escape route planning is unable to place the degree of spatial hazard into consideration. The GIS system development presently can integrate the attributes of space and escape network information together, and it may be provided directly for directing crew as basis for decision and orderly and smoothly guide the victims to safe shelter point for rescue. In this research, we take the spatial hazard degree is adopted to be a weight in designing escape route to simulate the efficiency of escape route. The scope of the research is limited to the Ching Yun Building of Ching Yun University of Science and Technology and escape routes are taken as the main axis to study the hazardous factor in route for sheltering and escape, and hierarchical analysis is applied to analyze the effects of weight to various factors. And, they are consolidated into GIS route network analysis system to calculate safer fire escape routes. Results of the research indicated that escaping speed of same route is affected by the spatial hazard degree, and hence increase time cost and finally the choice of escaping route will be affected. After network decision analysis, the trend indicated, while the length of escaping route may be higher, the hazard is relatively lower. Results of this research may be taken as reference in the multiple choices and decision mode of escape routes in multiple purpose or residence / commercial mixed buildings.