台灣企業創業家的人格特質、創業家精神導向、社會資本對創業績效之影響

The Effects of Entrepreneurial Personality, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Social Capital on Entrepreneurial Performance－An Empirical Study of Enterprises in Taiwan

邱銘乾(Ming-Chien Chiu)

指導教授 ： 邱光輝

國立臺北大學/商學院/企業管理學系/碩士(2008年)

摘要

台灣過去幾十年來在經濟上的卓越成就，台灣企業的創業家一直扮演著重要的角色。根據過往研究指出，成功的創業家間似乎有其共通處，但研究結果卻也有其不一致之處。台灣創業環境與國外不同，且台灣企業規模小，創業家人格特質往往便代表創業精神。
因此本研究目的主要擬先探討台灣企業創業家所具備的先天人格特質與創業家精神導向之相關性，再檢測創業家精神導向和創業績效間之相關性。
其次為探討台灣企業在面臨本身所需的資源無法完全自己自足下，如何運用社會資本資源以達成創業目標。
在實證研究方面，本研究以台灣區之傳統製造業、高科技業及服務業等企業為對象，經抽樣300家，以發放問卷方式透過創業家的填答資料來驗證本研究觀念性架構及所推論之假設，回收有效樣本170份，經由複迴歸分析探討整體架體的關聯性。
本研究實證結果方面，驗證了過去相關研究之推論與發現如下：
1. 在「五大人格特質」與「創業家精神導向」之關係，其中人格特質之「開放學習性」與創業家精神導向每一構面均有正相關；「情緒穩定性」對創業家精神導向除了「預應性」此一構面外其他均呈負向相關；「嚴謹性」對創業家精神導向有「積極性」、「預應性」此二構面有正相關。
2. 在企業組織所具有「創業家精神導向」中「創新性」程度愈高，愈能運用企業內部的「社會互動連結性」、「信任」社會資本與外部「信任」社會資本。
3. 在企業組織所具有「創業家精神導向」中「自主性」程度愈高，愈能運用企業內部的「共享系絡」社會資本與外部的「連結套繫」社會資本。
4. 在企業組織所具有「創業家精神導向」中的「承擔風險性」程度愈高，愈能運用外部的「信任」社會資本，但呈負相關。
5. 在企業組織所具有「創業家精神導向」中「承擔風險性」程度愈高，愈能提升企業的「顧客績效」與「財務績效」。
6. 在企業組織所能運用的「內部社會資本」中「社會互動連結性」程度愈高，愈能提升企業的「財務績效」。
7. 在企業組織所能運用的「內部社會資本」中「信任」、「共享系絡」程度愈高，愈能提升企業的「顧客績效」、「財務績效」與「員工績效」但「信任」與創業績效各構面均呈負相關。
8. 在企業組織所能運用的「外部社會資本」中「市場地位」程度愈高，愈能提升企業的「顧客績效」與「財務績效」。

關鍵字：創業家、人格特質、創業家精神導向、社會資本、創業績效。

關鍵字

創業家 ； 人格特質 ； 創業家精神導向 ； 社會資本 ； 創業績效

並列摘要

The entrepreneurs of enterprises in Taiwan have been playing a critical role in the economic growth in the past few decades in Taiwan. According to the past researches, there are some common points between successful entrepreneurs. They also have some different views on them.
The major purposes of this study are to examine the influence of entrepreneur’s entrepreneurial personality on entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on firm-internal and firm-external social capital, and furthermore to examine the influence of entrepreneurial orientation and firm-internal and firm-external social capital on business performance by using 170 effective samples out of 300 enterprises in Taiwan based on multi-regression statistics.
Five dimensions of the entrepreneurial personality are defined as extraversion, dependability, agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience; five dimensions of the EO are defined as innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, autonomous and competitively aggressive behavior.
Three dimensions of the firm-internal social capital are defined as social interactive ties、trust and sharing vision between units or employees in intra-firm; Three dimensions of the firm-external social capital are defined as customer/supplier network ties, position of market, trust between firms and partners in inter-firm.
Three dimensions of the business performance are defined as customer’s performance, stockholder’s performance and employee’s performance.
Regression results showing as follows:
1. Dimension of openness to experience of entrepreneurial personality can predict every dimension of EO. Dimension of emotional stability of entrepreneurial personality can predict every dimension of EO except proactiveness but has negative relation. Dimension of dependability has positive relation with dimensions of Competitive aggressiveness and Proactiveness of EO.
2. Dimension of innovativeness of EO is an important factors to predict dimension of social interactive ties、trust of firm-internal social capital and dimension of trust between firms and partners in inter-firm of firm-external social capital.
3. Dimension of autonomous of EO is an important factor to predict dimension of sharing vision between units or employees in intra-firm of firm-internal social capital and dimension of customer/supplier network ties of firm-external social capital.
4. Dimension of risk taking of EO is an important factor to predict dimension of trust between firms and partners in inter-firm of firm-external social capital but has negative relation.
5. Dimension of risk taking of EO is an important factor to predict customers and stockholders performance.
6. Dimension of social interactive ties of firm-internal social capital is an important factor to predict stockholders performance.
7. Dimensions of trust and sharing vision between units or employees in intra-firm of firm-internal social capital are important factors to predict customers, stockholders and employees performance. But trust of firm-internal social capital has negative relation with customers, stockholders and employees performance
8. Dimension of position of market of firm-external social capital is an important factor to predict customers and stockholders performance.

Keywords: Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial Personality, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Social Capital, Entrepreneurial Performance

並列關鍵字

Entrepreneurs ； Entrepreneurial Personality ； Entrepreneurial Orientation ； Social Capital ； Entrepreneurial Performance

參考文獻

李長晏、詹立煒 (2004)，「從新竹縣風災個案看中央與地方跨區域協調機制」，中國地方自治，第57卷第10期，pp.4-26。

周惠莉 (2003)，五大人格特質、性別角色與轉換型領導關聯性之研究，中原大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。

Lin, N. (2000), Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action, UK: Cambridge Uni. Press.

Adler, P. S. and Kwon, Seok-Woo (2002), Social Capital: Prospects For A New Concept, Academy of Management Review, Vol.27, No.1. pp.17-40.

Ahuja, G. (2000), The Duality of Collaboration: Inducements and Opportunities in the Formation of Inter-firm Linkages, Strategic Management Journal, Vol.21, No.(3), pp.317-343.