農業後生產體制之實踐與問題－以台中縣新社鄉休閒農業為例

The Practice and Difficulties Under Post-Productivist Agricultural Regime – A case study of Xinshe Township, Taichung County about testing to promote leisure agriculture in Taiwan

陳永恩(Yung-En Chen)

指導教授 ： 廖本全 ； 洪鴻智

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2010年)

摘要

第二次世界大戰後，國家以傳統農業扮演促進經濟與都市發展的啟動者角色，強調高投入－高產出的農業生產模式，作為發展非農業部門資本累積的來源，其特徵為持續促進農業現代化與工業化，追求以經濟發展為目標導向的「農業生產體制」。1980年代中期，因糧食生產過剩、環境資源的消耗、產業結構的轉變，以及市場對於農業非生產價值需求的漸增，引發國家社會體制對於傳統農業環境發展的反思，進而觸發強調永續農業發展的「農業後生產體制」轉型的論述。
有鑑於歐美與日本等國家鄉村轉型的成功案例，農政單位意識到轉型發展休閒農業勢必成為台灣農業發展的新契機，導向以農業環境資源為核心，結合休閒遊憩服務的經營型態，延展農業資源與空間運用的活化，提升傳統農業在產業鏈的位階，並創造傳統農業經濟價值的新取向。然而，礙於「定位」的混淆，未能掌握農業轉型的基本精神，致使初設的概念、制度規範被無限擴充，並與實際操作產生嚴重的衝突與矛盾，逐漸背離傳統農業生產經營模式之典範，甚至衍生休閒農業發展上的阻力。
本研究欲透過農業後生產體制轉型的觀點檢視台中縣新社鄉休閒農業之實踐與問題，聚焦於「行動者」層面，審視轉型發展休閒農業的三大內涵特質：「認知與價值觀」的轉變、「組織內生結構」的運作機制、「行為模式」的操作等具體實踐；最後，提出概略性的策略，建構以農業生產、農民生活與農村生態等資源為核心，導入附屬休閒化服務的發展模式，提供作為台灣未來休閒農業發展的建議。
研究結果顯示，新社鄉休閒農業發展確實淪於商業化的形式，卻也引發傳統農民醞釀一股抵制便變相經營的動力，導向以農業資源為核心的發展型態，重新省思農業生產的意義，象徵台灣社會對於農業價值的轉變已趨於成熟。

關鍵字

農業生產體制 ； 農業後生產體制 ； 休閒農業 ； 台中縣新社鄉

並列摘要

After World War II, the state played the traditional agriculture to promote economic and urban development of the initiator role, emphasizing high-input- and high-output model of agricultural production, as the development of non-agricultural sector capital accumulation sources, characterized by continuing to promote agricultural modernization and industrialization, the pursuit of economic development as the goal-oriented " Productivist Agricultural Regime, PARs". The mid-1980s, due to overproduction of food, environmental resource consumption, changes in industrial structure and market demand for agricultural production value of the incremental non-triggered state social system of traditional agriculture and the environment for the development of reflection, and then trigger sustainable agricultural development emphasized " Post-Productivist Agricultural Regime, PPARs” discusses the transition.
In the view of Europe and the United States and Japan, these are successful cases of rural transformation. Agricultural authorities realize that "transformation" in Taiwan's agricultural development is bound to the new opportunity to aggressively promote "Leisure Agriculture" and directly to combine new hola travel and life style as a key policy to revitalize Taiwan’s agricultural economy. However, because of the "positioning" confusion, it is unable to grasp the basic spirit of the agricultural transformation, and it results in infinite expansion of preliminary design concept and the system specification. Moreover it causes serious conflicts and contradictions in practice and it gradually deviates from the traditional mode of agricultural production and management, even it leads to resist the leisure agriculture development.
This study is designed to discuss the comprehend Xinshe Township, Taichung County about testing to promote leisure agriculture, We focus on "action" practice, and examine the development of leisure agriculture in transition, including the three major characteristics: the change of "Cognitive and Values", the operation of the mechanism of the "Structure of the organization", the operation and other specific practices of the "Behavior"; Finally, we propose a conceptual strategy to construct a core including agricultural production, farmers and rural eco-living resources, and we develop the ancillary leisure services model and provide the leisure as Taiwan's future agricultural development.
The results show that the development of leisure agriculture Xinshe Township does relegated to commercial form, but also led to brewing traditional farmers have in effect an operation against the driving force, oriented to the development of agricultural resources as the core pattern, re-reflection of agricultural production symbolizes the value of Taiwan's social transformation for agricultural diversification has been mature.

並列關鍵字

Productivist Agricultural Regime ； Post-Productivist Agricultural Regime ； Leisure Agriculture ； Xinshe Township, Taichung County

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