我國沼氣回收再利用之環境與經濟效益評估

Economic and Environment Benefit Assessment for Biogas Utilization in Taiwan

彭冠傑(Guan-Jie Peng)

指導教授 ： 張四立

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

工業革命過後，全球對於能源需求大增，促使各國大量開採化石能源以維持國家內部需求，而根據科學證實，化石燃料在燃燒過程中會排放溫室氣體，進而導致全球暖化，而此議題也引起國際間的關注。世界各國為減緩暖化所造成之影響，紛紛投入開發再生能源技術，盼能以部分新能源技術汰舊化石能源，以減少溫室氣體之排放。
沼氣為再生能源的一種，其具備可儲存、燃燒、高熱值以及無間歇性等特性，且沼氣含有豐富的甲烷，甲烷的全球暖化潛勢（Global Warming Potential, GWP）高達21，排放量在溫室氣體中排名第二，僅次於二氧化碳，若能妥善加以利用，除可減少溫室氣體排放之目標外，亦可其進行能源化之運用。國內養豬業、汙水處理廠與垃圾掩埋場蘊藏豐富的沼氣資源，若不加以規劃利用實屬可惜，本文盼建立我國沼氣發電潛力推估之系統動態（System Dynamics, SD）模型，並將成本效益分析所涵蓋之因子導入系統模型，評估我國養豬業、汙水處理場及垃圾掩埋場運用沼氣發電技術之潛能。研究結果顯示，國內所蘊含之沼氣資源尚未完全開發，我國未來若逐年增加1100kW之沼氣發電裝置容量，至2030年時，沼氣發電之加權平均發電成本為每度電5.49元，而平均每年可提供國內2.3億度電之運用以及減少144萬噸二氧化碳排放量之效益。

關鍵字

再生能源 ； 沼氣 ； 沼氣發電 ； 甲烷 ； 系統動態 ； 成本效益分析

並列摘要

The energy demand has been increased tremendously since the industrial revolution, therefore countries extract the fossil energy to maintain the internal demand. However, it has been scientifically proven the fossil fuel does emit greenhouse gases during combustion which leads to global warming, and this issue has aroused international concern. Countries around the world thus try to develop renewable energy technologies to replace the fossil energy and to achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gases. Biogas is a renewable energy. It was produced in swine industry, sewage treatment and landfill during anaerobic degradation of organic material. Biogas has advantages such as storable, non-intermittent and high heat content. The main component of biogas is methane, which is the second largest greenhouse gas and the GWP of methane is as high as 21. If methane is properly used, it can not only reduce the greenhouse gases, but also be utilized as an energy source.
This study establishes a system dynamics model to estimate biogas power generation potential of swine industry, sewage treatment and landfill in Taiwan, and cost-benefit factors are integrated into the model to assess the benefit for utilizing biogas. The results show that Taiwan’s methane resource has not fully developed yet. If the capacity of biogas power generation increases 1100kW annually in the future, the weighted average cost of biogas power generation will be 5.49 NTD/kWh in 2030. In average, power generated by biogas will be 230 million kWh and 1.44 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions will be reduced per year.

並列關鍵字

renewable energy ； biogas ； biogas generation ； methane ； system dynamic ； cost-benefit analysis

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