邁向生態社區的社區動員及其治理性-以臺北市中山區劍潭社區為例

Community Activation and the Governmentality in shaping an Eco-Community - A Case Study of Chien-Tan Community, Zhong-Shan District in Taipei

藍沛筠(Pei-Yun Lan)

指導教授 ： 林文一

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/都市計劃研究所/碩士(2013年)

摘要

2008~2009年的「都市型生態社區創意規劃案」為臺北市“永續臺北生態城”願景下，一個透過社區實踐地方永續的計畫。生態社區計畫的推動常鼓勵社區以參與動員、自主決策的方式來解決地方的永續問題，但同時又以「由上而下」的永續指標或「專家主義」的知識規範來引導社區。這樣的治理模式看似合理，但事實上當中可能隱含了知識與規訓的權力影響社區行動的問題值得反思。
本研究以Foucault治理性理論來檢視該治理模式，以客體化與主體化的概念發展出三個主要的研究問題：一、計畫是藉由什麼專業知識與方式來建構計畫的治理性及隱含的問題。二、社區如何在這樣的治理性下參與及被動員，居民被賦予什麼樣的參與權利與機會，並受到什麼限制。三、這樣的計畫治理性下，社區有什麼反應並對地方產生了什麼影響。
本研究以質性方法針對劍潭社區進行田野的訪談並與文獻理論、官方文本的交互論證，研究發現如下：一、計畫藉由李永展等人的知識理念來建構計畫治理性，在看似合理的治理邏輯與工具下是預設目標的並透過規訓權力操弄社區行動。二、受到計畫治理性的影響，以社造專業團隊與社區領導人及其志工為參與主體，且彼此妥協形成互利合作的關係並使參與過程形式化。三、計畫對社區的影響未在社區內擴散並反映出政府資源的錯置。在官僚體制與人類中心主義的生態觀點下，看似涵蓋生態永續、社區營造、空間改造的計畫變成是一個配合政治目的的方案，以速成方式作建築物綠化、營造一個無人的生態社區。

關鍵字

治理性 ； 生態社區 ； 社區營造 ； 都市空間改造計畫 ； 永續發展

並列摘要

2008 to 2009, the “Urban Eco-Community Creative Planning Program” is a project through community practicing local sustainability for Taipei’s vision of “Sustainable Taipei Ecological City”. The project encourage communities to address their local sustainability issues through community participation and Self-determination, while at the same time it guide communities through “Top-down” sustainability indicators or “Professionalism” knowledge. The mode of governance seems reasonable, but in fact there should be reflected that it may imply problem the power of knowledge and discipline affecting community action should be reflected.
To view this mode of governance, the concept of objectification and subjectification in governmentality theory be used and development three main research questions: First, what kind of expert knowledge and in what way that construct the project’s governance and what is the problem in this mode? Second, how communities participate and be mobilized in the project? What kind of participation rights and opportunities residents have been given and what restrictions to be imposed? Third, what happens in the community and what is the impact on the community?
This is a qualitative research with interactive demonstration of field experience of Chien-Tan Community, literature theory, and the official document to analyze the operations of the project. The conclusions exhibited that: First, the professional knowledge of Yung-Jaan Lee et al constructs the governmentality of project and the logic and instruments of governance seems reasonable, but actually the project’s target is predefined and maneuver community action through the disciplinary power. Second, the team of Professionals of Community Empowerment and the community leaders and his volunteers are mainly participants, and they compromise with each other and develop a cooperative and mutually beneficial partnership and make the process of participation formalization. Third, the impact of the project on the community is not spread and reflects the misplaced of government resources government resources. Under the influence of the bureaucracy and the ecological view of anthropocentrism, the project seems include the concept of ecological sustainability, community building and the space transformation but actually it just one with the political purpose of the project. The Eco-Community project with a quick way to make the building green and create a nobody ecological community.

並列關鍵字

Governmentality ； Eco-Community ； Community Empowerment ； Urban Space Transformation Plan ； Sustainable Development

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