校園基地保水指標探討與改善建議-以新北市十所國民小學為例

Assessment and Improvement Suggestion for Water Retention Indicator in Campus – Case Studies on the Ten Selected Elementary Schools in New Taipei City

李瑞騰(Juei-Teng Lee)

指導教授 ： 李育明

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本研究以新北市十所國民小學為例，調查校園內基地保水設施之範圍與面積，計算基地保水指標。依座落之區位是否位於都市計畫區內，將各校區分為都市學校及鄉村學校，分別依學生密度、校舍建蔽率與保水手法面積比率為比較基準，分別檢驗位於都市地區之國小校園基地保水指標值與位於鄉村地區學校是否因為城鄉差距之因素而有不同。進而與其他研究者針對台灣不同行政區範圍內國民小學校園基地保水指標之結果相比較，探討在都市化程度不同之地區是否在基地保水指標上有差異，以及永續校園標竿學校在基地保水是否具有較為優異的結果。
研究發現兩所永續校園標竿學校之基地保水指標值與其他八所調查學校之數值比較顯示有相對優異之結果，都市學校在基地保水設施面積比率與基地保水數值皆低於鄉村學校，所有調查學校中學生密度與校舍建蔽率愈高的學校，在基地保水設施面積比率與基地保水數值呈現愈低之趨勢。新北市學校在基地透水率、基地保水值上相對於台灣其他地區屬於成效較差之地區，顯示新北市國民小學校園在基地保水指標上仍須持續改善。研究結果同時顯示三所基地保水指標值未合格之學校運動場範圍地面皆以不透水材質舖設，故本研究將前述運動場範圍模擬替換為透水材質進行試算，其中兩所學校將會高於官方基地保水指標基準，顯示在運動場範圍內使用透水材質舖設將大幅提昇校園基地保水成效。
綜合前述研究成果，本研究認為以永續校園學校基地保水計算相對優異之結果為標竿學習目標下，校園內高比率的使用透水鋪面將有助於都市內整體基地保水之提昇。都市學校相對於鄉村學校因學生密度與校舍建蔽率較高，故應積極的將原有不透水硬鋪面重新刨除；並改舖設為可透水材質或恢復原有綠地，同時可適度將運動場範圍恢復其透水性能，藉以改善都市環境中日益惡化之水資源循環問題。

關鍵字

綠建築 ； 基地保水 ； 永續校園 ； 綠地 ； 透水鋪面

並列摘要

The Study selected ten elementary schools in New Taipei City as case studies, in order to estimate indicators of water retention, each specific range and area of facilities for water retention in the campuses were surveyed. We separated those schools into urban and country ones by its location which lies in the urban plan area or not, and set the comparison standard in accordance with its density of students, school building coverage and the area proportion of water retention methods, examining if there was any difference between urban and country schools because of rural-urban disparity. Furthermore, we compared the results with other research of different administrative areas in Taiwan in order to discuss the difference of water retention possibly referring to the level of urbanization, and reviewed water retention performance of the outstanding schools from sustainable campus competition.
The result found that water retention performance of two sustainable campus outstanding schools was better than other eight elementary schools, the water retention area proportion of urban schools was less than country schools, and also found that the higher values of student density and school building coverage, the less area of facilities for water retention and less value of water retention in its site. The schools in New Taipei City perform relatively worse in factors of water permeability and water retention value than the other regions in Taiwan, and should continuing their improvement consequently. We also found the sports fields of three schools which were not qualified in water retention value were paved with impermeable materials; therefore, we simulate them by changing into permeable paving and the water retention value of two schools among them were higher than the official standard, which shows that using permeable materials for sports fields paving will substantially increase the effects of water retention in campus.
Concluding results above, the study considers that according to the benchmarks of well performance with those outstanding sustainable campuses, high proportion of permeable paving in campuses will improve water retention performance of the entire city. Urban schools with higher values of student density and school building coverage should change their impermeable paving into permeable materials or revive into green fields, furthermore, recover the permeability of sports ground in an appropriate degree to improve water resource recycling problems in cities.

並列關鍵字

Green Building ； Water Retention in Site ； Sustainable Campus ； Green Field ； Permeable Paving

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