尋找失落的暴力被害圖塊:探討我國女性受暴測量途徑

Seeking the Hidden Pieces: Exploring the Measurement Approaches of Violence Against Women in Taiwan

張純玫(Chun-Mei Chang)

指導教授 ： 黃蘭媖 博士

國立臺北大學/社會科學學院/犯罪學研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

為求倡議發展台灣『女性受暴』測量之必要性與重要性，本研究以國內外文獻與測量實務人員之經驗，討論目前台灣『女性受暴』測量現狀，希冀釐清台灣測量之缺口，提出初步因應測量機制。
本研究選取刑事警察局、警政署、法務部、家庭暴力暨性侵害防治委員會與台灣犯罪被害調查執行學者共8位研究對象，採質性研究之深度訪談法獲取研究發現如下：
一、台灣『女性受暴』測量途徑包含兩股官方統計來源：刑事司法系統與社會工作服務系統；決策者與業務單位的資訊需求是當前資料生產目的。
二、相較於研究型資料使用者，決策型資料使用者能獲得較大的資料獲取途徑。但，無論對於何種資料使用者來說，目前官方統計所提供的『女性受暴』資訊都不足以使其對台灣『女性受暴』現象有更完整的認識。
三、官方統計單位各有其解決內部重複計算問題的資料篩檢機制，但資料登錄所出現的人為因素對資料正確性產生影響。資料提供者低度自我受暴經驗揭露、資料登錄人員的疏失與資料分類方式進一步擴大受暴黑數的數量。
四、台灣『女性受暴』調查研究有其建立必要性，在兼具合理性與成本考量下採用英國混合型調查方式較為可行：將『女性受暴』題組附隨於例行實施之台灣犯罪被害調查中。
政策建議如下：
一、改善官方統計資料：強化政府跨部門統計資料生產合作機制、強化統計部門在行政系統中的專業位置、建構整合性『女性受暴』官方統計架構。
二、改善『女性受暴』測量方式：
1.台灣『女性受暴』的分類基礎宜參酌聯合國定義輔以本土社會現象建構。
2.運用多元測量方式使測量結果更貼近社會事實。
3.以英國與美國『女性受暴』測量經驗做為發展台灣測量方式的借鏡。
4.整合性官方統計與獨立的調查研究是台灣『女性受暴』最佳的測量結構。
最後，未來研究建議如下：
一、『女性受暴』本土定義之研究。
二、台灣『女性受暴』統計資料庫建立之研究。
三、補充性騷擾測量脈絡之研究。

關鍵字

女性受暴 ； 性別暴力 ； 官方統計 ； 犯罪被害調查

並列摘要

In order to advocate the necessity and significance of the development of measuring “violence against women” in Taiwan, this study aims to clarify the gap of the measurement in Taiwan and propose preliminary measurement mechanism dealing with these problems. I draw literature from both domestic and overseas sources to construct the state of art of measuring ‘violence against women’.
I conducted five in-depth interviews with eight key informants from Criminal Investigation Bureau, National Police Agency, Ministry of Justice, Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Prevention Committee, and the executing scholars of Crime Victim Survey in Taiwan. The interview data are transcribed, coded and analyzed to obtain the following results:
First of all, there are two official statistics sources for the measuring approach of ‘violence against women’ in Taiwan: the criminal and justice system and social worker service system. The major purpose of producing these data is to meet the information needs of decision maker business unit.
Secondly, compared to users of research data, users of decision-making were able to obtain more approaches for obtaining data. However, for users of any kind of data, the current information of ‘violence against women’ provided by official statistics is insufficient in terms of understanding the phenomenon of “violence against women” in Taiwan.

Thirdly, official statistic units have their data screening mechanism to solve the problem of repeated calculation. However, the man-made factors appearing in the data log had influences on data correctness. The low level of information providers’ self-exposure, the carelessness of data logging staff and data categorization method further increased the dark figure of victimization.
In the end, there is a need to conduct the ‘violence against women’ survey in Taiwan. Considering both rationality and cost, the utilization of mixed survey method adopted in England and Wales was more feasible. The question group of ‘violence against women’ can be attached in the crime victim survey which is implemented routinely in Taiwan.
According to the conclusions above, a few policy suggestions are proposed as follows:
First of all, in order to improve official statistics, there is a need to strengthen a cooperation mechanism for inter-departmental data production of the government. The administrative system should boost the professional position of statistics department in central government. An integrative official statistics framework of ‘violence against women’ is needed.
Secondly, following suggestions should be endorsed in governmental policy in order to improve the measuring method of “violence against women”. The categorization basis for “violence against women” in Taiwan should be constructed after referring to UN’s definition and local social phenomenon. Utilizing diversified measuring method will better reflect the reality in Taiwan society. In both UK and USA, there has been valuable sources on measuring ‘violence against women’ which we could draw lessons from. An integrative data platform for official statistics along with the independent survey conducted by non-government organizations are the best measuring structure of “violence against women” in Taiwan.
Future researchers may proceed with the research on the indigenous definition of “violence against women” in Taiwan. A more detailed search for options of the construction of the statistics database “violence against women” in Taiwan is of urgent needs. Given the space limit, I have not included sexual harassment in my research scope. However, the issue of sexual harassment is becoming more and more important and demanding more discussions on the measurement and its context.

並列關鍵字

violence against women ； gender-based violence ； official statistics ； crime victim survey

參考文獻

2005 《94年台灣地區犯罪被害調查報告》。內政部警政署委託研究報告。

2000 〈犯罪被害恐懼之性別異同—從符號互動理論的觀點來探究〉。《犯罪學期刊》5：107-178。

2008 《統計數字：是事實還是謊言？（Damned Lies and Statistics: Untangling Numbers from the Media, Politics, and Activists）》。台北：商周出版。

Crowell, A. N. & Burgess, W. A.

1996 Understanding Violence Against women. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press.