啟蒙前期英國的女性養成教育(1680-1750)

The Cultivation of Women in Early Enlightenment Britain, 1680-1750

洪宛渝(Wan-Yu Hong)

指導教授 ： 李若庸

國立臺北大學/人文學院/歷史學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

啟蒙前期(1680-1750)英國社會興起一股推廣女性教育的思潮，當時各領域的知識精英紛紛撰文、辦刊物陳述對於女性教育的看法。本文試圖從啟蒙社會對於文明化議題的關切來解釋這種「高度關切」女性教育的現象。因為當時重要的啟蒙哲人都將女性視為社會文明與否的指標，顯見「女性教育」與文明化論述的密切相關。
本文將從四個部份重建當時女性教育的概況，首章分析當時最重要教育思想家─洛克(John Locke)所提出的教育方法，以釐清當代所關切的教育課題與支持的教學方法，並且說明女性從口語與文字傳播能獲得的知識內容。第二章則從行為文學、佈道辭與期刊報紙等史料，說明教育家期許女性在家庭與社會場域中，所應具備的美德與職責；第三章聚焦在教育的管道，當時「私家教育」與「學校教育」提供女性知識和才藝的訓練，「信仰教育」則涵養她們宗教方面的知識；第四章探討女性教育的類別，以道德和技術兩類，分別說明女性在品格和家庭管理技巧的訓練。結論當中，我們將檢視啟蒙前期的女性教育如何反映出當代作家對女性的新詮釋，以及啟蒙哲人期許透過女性教育以改善社會的立場。

關鍵字

啟蒙前期 ； 女性教育 ； 洛克 ； 行為手冊 ； 文明化

並列摘要

In the early Enlightenment (1680-1750), it starts a trend to promote women’s education in the British Society. At that time, most of intellectuals in each field express their arguments on women education by publishing books and periodicals. In this thesis, I try to use the concept of civilized to explaining the phenomenon of concerning women education in the Enlightenment. Because many Enlightenment philosophers argue that women are the index of civil society, there are intense correlation between women’s education and the concept of civilization.
This thesis will restructure women’s education in four parts. In the first chapter, I will analyze the education methods which declared by John Locke in order to clarify the major topics and methods of education in the Enlightenment. I will also illustrate the knowledge which women attain through oral and print media. In the second chapter, I use conduct literature, sermon, periodical and newspaper to demonstrate the virtue and duty which educators expected women display in the family and society. Chapter three focuses on the educational channels, “private education” and “school education” provide women the training of knowledge and accomplishments, and “religious education” enriches them the knowledge of religion. In the chapter four, I probe into the educational type. It separates to morality and skill. I use two types to explain women’s training on personality and house-keep skills. In the conclusion, I will survey the new interpretations of the women’s quality by contemporary writers and the hope of women education can improving society by Enlightenment philosophers which shows through women education in the early Enlightenment.

並列關鍵字

Early Enlightenment ； women education ； John Locke ； conduct book ； civilized

參考文獻

A Person of Quality Woman Not Inferior to Man, (London: John Hawkins, 1739)

Astell, Mary, Reflections upon Marriage, (London, 1700)

Essex, John, The Young Ladies Conduct: or, Rules for Education, (London, 1721)

Johnson, Samuel, A Dictionary Of The English Language, (London, 1755)

Morris, Pam, Conduct Literature for Women, 1720-1770, (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2004)