由於台灣地區中老年人口比例逐年提高,如何成功老化議題備受重視。 近年許多研究者將生活滿意度視為衡量成功老化的指標,許多文獻指出年齡、性別、族群、ADL狀況、體能狀況、健康自評、抽菸、嚼檳榔、配偶有無、經濟狀況、疾病情形等與中老年人生活滿意度有關,另外也有許多文獻指出上述因子與中老年人存活有關聯。本研究結合兩個層面,從長期追踪資料,加入與時間相關的因子,以縱貫面向討論生活滿意度對台灣地區中老年人存活的影響。 本研究之資料來源為行政院衛生署國民健康局「1989,1993,1999,2003年台灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查」,主要針對台灣地區57歲以上之中老年人為研究對象,本研究加入隨動態時間改變的共變數,利用延伸Cox模型來分析影響中老年人存活的因子。 本研究發現女性,外省人,有工作,日常一般生活活動功能無障礙,工具性日常生活活動功能無障礙,身體功能量表沒有障礙,有參加社團活動,對於生活滿意度高,年齡愈小,抽菸年數愈短,以及手足人數愈多,存活時間愈長 。 因生活滿意度愈低,死亡風險愈高,想要達到活得久,活得好的生活,除了生活可以維持獨立自主外,仍須積極的投入生活,養成身體、心理、社會三面向能夠同時運作良好。本研究之結論希望能夠提供未來政府相關單位做為因應高齡社會策略及規劃老年生活的參考。
As the mid-aged and elderly population in Taiwan increases over the past few years, issues on how to age successfully have drawn the public’s attention. Recently, life satisfaction is regarded as an index for evaluating successful aging. Research indicated that age, sex, ethnic group, ADL, IADL, self health assessment, smoking, chewing betel nut, marital status, financial status, illness, etc., are directly associated with life satisfaction among the mid-aged and elderly people as well as the survival. Thus, this research aims to study whether the long-term life satisfaction would affect the survival in the elderly population in Taiwan. This research used data collected by “Survey on health status and life quality of the mid-aged and elderly people in Taiwan from 1989, 1993, 1999 and 2003”, provided by the Investigation Center of Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health, Taiwan. We used respondents aged 57 and above and lived in Taiwan. This research used the extended Cox model to identify the possible influential factors for the survival. This research finds that among particular groups such as female, non-Hakkas and non-Minnan population, no life function difficulties, having social activities, having high life satisfaction, younger respondents , having shorter smoking years, more siblings have higher survival. In order to age successfully, we must make efforts to maintain healthy physical and mental and be socially active. The government officials can use the findings in this research to implement strategies to deal with aging in Taiwan.