影響女性施用毒品再犯行為的相關因素之實證研究

The empirical research on factors associated with recidivism among female drug offenders

張明華(Ming-Hua Chang)

指導教授 ： 翁興利

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2011年)

摘要

我國台灣地區女性受刑人人數雖僅約占整體受刑人數8％，但女性受刑人中之毒品犯人數比率達65.2％，明顯高於整體毒品犯人數比率43.7％，引發個人研究動機，期能深入了解影響女性吸食毒品及其再犯因子，並對女性接受矯正處遇情形加以了解與提供處遇建議，供權責單位參考，而能降低女性毒品犯再犯率。
本研究以問卷調查對臺灣北部地區最大型之女子監獄－法務部矯正署桃園女子監獄違反毒品危害防治條例之受刑人進行隨機抽樣，以暸解其再犯情形，進而將調查結果，透過資料處理與統計分析，檢驗理論及假設模式，以分析研判影響再犯之各項關聯因子。
本研究根據研究發現提出如下建議：
一、重視女性性別需求與母性角色，建議矯正機關針對女性毒品犯，應加強提供有利維持家庭關係與支持之教化活動、運用團體輔導協助受刑人增能，而得以自我成長，有較高的社會復歸能力。
二、擴大實施替代療法，有鑑於女性受刑人之高施用毒品犯比例，且經濟情況之低自主性，建議併同列入美沙冬替代療法試辦範圍，讓具藥癮女性受刑人亦可先行接觸體驗低花費、高安全性的替代療法，期能協助毒品成癮者於出監所後，繼續以替代療法模式面對藥癮發作時的緩解。
三、對施用毒品罪假釋人實施強力觀護與協助更生機制，建議觀護人應針對毒品犯設計乙套強力觀護措施來管控，遲延其再度吸食。另在更生之路上如何給予協助與支持，使其身心健康，工作安定，實為避免再犯之不二法門。
四、修法對單純吸食者緩起訴或不起訴，基於其毒品政策為自我傷害不處罰之立場，修法予於緩起訴或不起訴，改以減害計畫與治療性社區模式協助毒品成癮者。
五、提昇藥物濫用防治認知與教育，對毒品知識欠缺與認識不足，是新吸食者陷入毒品深淵的開始，讓全民皆有對藥物濫用的知識與常識，實為現階段預防新生毒品犯基本辦法。
六、務實增加專業人力並銜接地方輔導資源，矯正機關在不增加機關員額前提下，可裁減部分基層戒護人力，改派專業臨床心理師與社工員，當可紓緩目前窘境並強化戒毒處遇。

關鍵字

女性毒品犯；再累犯

並列摘要

ABSTRACT
The empirical research on factors associated with recidivism among female drug offenders
by
CHANG, MING-HUA
July 2011
ADVISOR(S): Dr. WONG, SENG-LEE
DEPARTMENT: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY
DEGREE（Do not use abbreviations）: MASTER OF LAW

There are about 8% of prisoners are female inmates in Taiwan, while most of them, nearly 65.2%, are drug abusers, which is higher than all of drug abusers (43.7%) . This phenomenon attracts me to do a research to discover the factors of female inmates take drugs and becomes re-offenders. Besides, I also try to realize the suitable treatment for them and give some suggestions to the government to reduce the rate of re-offender.
The research uses questionnairaes to survey female prisoners who violate the Statute for Narcotics Hazard Control from the largest women prison in the north of Taiwan, Taoyuan Women's Prison, Agency of Corrections, and Ministry of Justice. This study uses SPSS to analyze data and examines whether the theory and prediction are related and concludes the factors that affect women to take drugs once again.
According to the evidence has been discovered, there are several suggestions as follows:
1. Be aware of the role of female, the corrections should offer meaningful teaching activities to maintain the relationship of family and apply group counseling to empower female drug abusers to rebuild the restorative ability and have a new life after released.
2. Enlarge the scope of Methadone maintain therapy: due to most of female inmates are guilty by taking drugs and stay in a low-autonomy of economic. The government should offer this therapy for them, which could help them experience the low-cost and safety of it and reduce the addiction and it might make these female prisoners keep use this therapy after released.
3. Strong probation and after-care mechanism: probationers should design a module to postpone the time of the drug patroller to take drugs again. In addition, they should offer opportunities to help them find jobs and keep a balance life.
4. The government should revise laws to let the people who only take drugs should not be prosecuted or deferred prosecution and help them quit drugs by “Harm Reduction” and the “model of therapy community”.
5. The government should enhance the guidance about the drug prevention and correction to let citizens understand the harm and danger of drugs.
6. Increase professional experts and cooperate with local counseling resources: the corrections could reduce basic secure officers and recruit clinical psychologists and social workers to strengthen the treatment of drug rehabilitation.

並列關鍵字

female drug offender；reoccurrence criminal

參考文獻

蔡奇秀，2006，《影響毒品犯罪率因素之實證研究》，國立成功大學高階管理（EMBA）碩士論文。頁34。

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