《孫子兵法》競爭思想研究

A STUDY ON THE COMPETITIVE THOUGHTS OF SUN TZU’S THE ART OF WAR

林奎允(QUEI-YUN LIN)

指導教授 ： 吳順令

國立臺北大學/人文學院/中國文學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本論文「《孫子兵法》競爭思想研究」，以《孫子兵法》為研究對象，試圖從「競爭」的角度分析並架構其思想體系。目前為止的「孫子兵法研究」可以粗略歸類成三種類型，一是將《孫子兵法》十三篇逐篇分析，闡述各篇的主旨；二是溝通《孫子兵法》與其它學科，例如：（西方）軍事、管理學、行銷學等等；三是針對「孫子」其書、其人、其文（語法、修辭等）的相關討論。本論文承繼前輩學者的研究成果，輔以「基源問題」、「觀念字分析」等方法，集中討論「五事七計」、「形」、「勢」、「全爭」、「伐謀」諸概念，嘗試用這些概念重新連結《孫子兵法》十三篇，並凸顯其思想構成的核心原則。
論文共分六章，首章為緒論，詳細述明本文的研究背景、方法，文獻回顧，研究進路等。第二章「《孫子》之著成及其語言特色」，討論「孫子」本傳、成書時間、《孫》、《老》關係及語言特色等。第三章至第五章是本論文之主體，分別從競爭的內涵、競爭的原則、競爭的實踐等三方面建構孫子思想的體系；第三章「競爭的內涵」，以〈計篇〉「五事」（道、天、地、將、法）為焦點，並以「七計」為次序，著重討論「主」與「將」之關係。 第四章「競爭的原則」以〈謀攻篇〉：「上兵伐謀」及「不戰而屈人之兵」兩句為探討基點，從共生、共利的角度分析孫子「全爭」的最高指導原則。第五章「競爭的實踐」將《孫子兵法》的戰略戰術歸納成「形」與「勢」兩大實踐方向，嘗試以這兩大方針統攝《孫子兵法》大部分的戰略、原則。三至五章雖各自獨立但彼此關聯，試圖藉由這三個面向彰顯《孫子兵法》的特色與價值，進一步建構具有現代意義的孫子競爭思想體系。第六章結論，總結全文，提出本論文的具體研究成果及其侷限。

關鍵字

孫子兵法 ； 競爭 ； 五事七計 形勢

並列摘要

In the paper titled “A Study on the Competitive Thoughts of Sun Tzu’s The Art of War”, using “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” as its research object, and it is with attempt to make analysis as well as to construct the thinking system of the book from the standpoint of “competition”. Currently, up to-date, there are roughly divisions of “the studies on “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” into three categories; the first category is to make analysis one by one of the thirteen chapters in “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War”, as well as to state the main ideas of each chapter; the second category is to make a bridge with communication between “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” and other subjects. In the succession of research results made by the senior scholars, with auxiliary of methods as “Primordial Question” and “Key word Analysis”, to concentrate discussions of the various concepts, including “Five Fundamentals and Seven Stratagems”, “Forms and Dispositions”, “Potential Energy”, “Without losing a man, to complete one’s triumph”, and “To balk the enemy’s plan”, and by attempting to use all those concepts in connection with the thirteen chapters of “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” once again, to make highlight of the core principles on its thinking construct.
The paper is divided into six chapters, and the first chapter is introduction, to state in details of the research background, method, documentary reviews and research approaches for the paper. In the second chapter, it is about the works and the language features of “Sun Tzu”, to make discussion on the
biography of “Sun Tzu”, the time period of his works, the relationship between “Sun Tzu” and “Lao Tzu”, as well as the language features. From chapter three to chapter five, they are the main part of the paper, to make construct on the thinking system of “Sun Tzu” respectively from three aspects, including the contents of competitions, the principles of competition and the implementations of competitions; in the chapter three on the “contents of competition”, the focus is on the “Five Fundamentals” (The moral law/Heave/Earth/Commander/Method and Discipline) mentioned in the “Section of Laying Plan” of Sun Tzu, the next priority will be “Seven Stratagems”, to put emphasis on the discussion of relationship between “commander” and “general”. In the chapter four on the “principles of competition”, the base of investigation is on the two sentences as “The highest form of leadership as the general is to complete one’s triumph without losing a man” and “To take one’s enemy without any fighting at all”, to make investigation on the highest guidance principle of “Without losing a man, to complete one’s triumph” in Sun Tzu from the standpoints of living together and in mutual benefits. In the chapter five on the “implementations of competition”, it divides the strategic tactics of “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” into two major implementing directions- “Forms and Dispositions”, and “Potential Energy”, with attempt to cover most of the tactics (strategies) from “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” by the two major guidelines. Although from chapter three to chapter five, each is independent on its own, still there are connections amongst them, in the attempt to highlight the features and values of “Sun Tzu’s The Art of War” from the three aspects, further to construct the system on the competitive thoughts of Sun Tzu that are with contemporary meanings. The chapter six is conclusion, to sum up the whole ideas in the paper, and to make suggestions of the concrete research results as well as the limitation of the paper.

並列關鍵字

SUN TZU ； THE ART OF WAR ； COMPETITIVE THOUGHTS ； FIVE FUNDAMENTALS ； SEVEN STATAGEMS ； FORMS AND DISPOSITIONS ； POTENTIAL ENERGY

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