我國政治獻金之探究:以第6屆及第7屆立法委員政治獻金為例

A Study on the Political Contributions: A case study of the political contributions during the 6th and 7th Legislative Yuan Elections in Taiwan

陳暖芬(Nuan-Fen Chen)

指導教授 ： 翁興利

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2010年)

摘要

本研究以第6屆及第7屆區域立法委員選舉為範圍，對參選人申報各項政治獻金收入及支出等資料，與各參選人個人背景資料(性別、所屬政黨、所在選區、是否為現任者)、選舉得票數等變項進行分析。主要分析的問題有三項：1.參選人那些個人屬性會影響政治獻金捐贈收入2.得票數與治獻金捐贈收入及支出的相關性3.不同選舉制度下，對於參選人政治獻金捐贈收入及支出的影響。

本研究以量化研究方法將各項政治獻金捐贈收入及支出以t檢定、變異數分析及相關性分析進行探討，分析結果為參選人性別對選民捐款決定沒有顯著差異，顯示選民捐款對於參選人之性別沒有特別的偏好。參選人所屬政黨對選民捐款決定有顯著差異，顯示選民捐款對象則是偏好大黨派推薦的參選人，尤其在第七屆實施單一選區兩票制的選制下，選民捐款給大黨的趨勢更為明顯，相對小黨派推薦候選人募款較為困難。參選人所在選區比較，呈現北部、中部、南部等選區相對原住民選區所收受政治獻金是有明顯差異，顯示原住民選區在政治獻金募款與其他選區比較是相對弱勢。以參選人是否為現任者身分來看，民眾較偏好捐款給現任立委身分的參選人，現任立委身分參選人在尋求競選連任之募款較新挑戰者佔有優勢。以當選者與未當選者在政治獻金收入、競選支出及收支結存比較，都呈現顯著差異，當選者在政治獻金收入、競選支出及收支結存等三者金額都比未當選者多，另外得票數與政治獻金收入及支出呈現中度相關。以屆次來比較，第六屆與第七屆之政治獻金捐贈收入及支出都呈現顯著差異，第七屆參選人在政治獻金捐贈收入及支出等平均金額較第六屆多。

本研究僅以第6屆與第7屆之立委選舉進行分析，可能無法涵蓋其他層級民意代表選舉之選民捐款考量因素，建議後續研究可針對不同層級民意代表選舉，或連續多個屆次的選舉資料進行研究，以提出影響選民捐款之其他可能因素。

關鍵字

政治獻金 ； 立法委員參選人 ； 捐款因素

並列摘要

In this study, with the 6th and 7th term of the regional legislator election as the study scope, analysis was conducted on income and expenditure of the political contributions as declared by the candidates, with the candidates’ personal background information (gender, party affiliation, the constituency, incumbent or not), the gained votes and other variables.

Three issues are covered in the analysis: 1. Candidates’ personal attributes that will affect the income of political contributions. 2. The correlation between votes and income / expenditure of political contributions. 3. The impact of the different electoral systems on candidates’ income / expenditure of political contributions.

In this study, the quantitative research method has been adopted in which the exploration of income and expenditure of political contributions were tested through the t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis. The analysis results found no significant difference in the candidate’s gender on voters’ decision of contributions, indicating the voters have no particular preference for the gender of candidates when making political contributions. The voter’s decision of contributions and the candidate’s affiliated political party have reached significant difference, indicating voters prefer making political contributions to the candidates recommended by the major party, particularly in the 7th term implementation of the single-constituency, two-vote electoral system, the voters’ contributions to the major party was more evident; however, the minor parties encountered greater difficulties in fund-raising for the nominated candidates. A comparison of the candidate constituencies shows that the political contributions received by northern, central and southern constituencies and the aboriginal constituencies have reached significant difference, indicating that the aboriginal constituency fundraising in political contributions compared with other constituencies is relatively weak.

Regarding status, whether the candidate is incumbent or not, people prefer to donate money to candidates who are incumbent legislators. Incumbent legislator candidates have advantage over other competing candidates in fund-raising campaigns for seeking re-election. A comparison of the political contributions, the campaign income, expenditure, and balance for both the elected and the unelected shows that significant difference has been reached. The elected had more campaign income, expenditure, and balance than the unelected. In addition, number of votes and income and expenditure of political contributions showed moderate correlation. A comparison of the legislator election sessions shows that the 6th and 7th session have reached significant difference in terms of political contributions, income, and expenditure. On average, the political contributions, income, and expenditure the candidates of the 7th session have had are higher than those of the candidates in the 6th session.

In this study, only the 6th and 7th legislative elections were taken for analysis, which may not include the factors of contributions for elections of other levels. It is suggested that future studies be aimed at the elections of different levels or the data from more consecutive sessions of the elections in the study. Other possible factors that may influence the voters’ contributions are also propos

並列關鍵字

Political Contributions ； Legislator candidate ； Donation factor

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