論多階段行政程序─以放射性廢棄物最終處置程序為中心

Study of Multi-stage Administrative Procedure: Focused on Final Disposal Procedure of Radioactive Waste

洪立齊(Li-Chi Hung)

指導教授 ： 張惠東

國立臺北大學/法律學院/法律學系一般生組/碩士(2015年)

摘要

論文中文提要內容：

於事物變遷迅速、資訊爆炸之現代社會，因行政任務多樣、社會關係較為複雜，機關權限交
錯互依者，事屬常有。從而，多機關、多程序、多處分之集合現象，毋寧已成為現代多元社會下
行政作用之特徵之一。然而，如此雖對於行政任務之遂行有所助益，卻也衍生出不少涉及權利義
務主體以及法律關係錯綜複雜之問題，例如法律概念上之區分、行政行為性質之判定、權限歸屬
以及權利救濟等，無論實務或學說上皆引起相當注意與討論。

同時，我國目前核能發電廠運作中所產生的核廢料，以及每年所產生的放射性廢棄物應如何
安置，早已引發相當大的爭議。然而在政策上，核能發電廠的存在可提供民生和工業用電力，許
多行業也必須使用到放射性原料。面對我國既有之放射性廢棄物管理現況，可能面臨包含核能安
全管制、輻射防護、環境輻射偵測等問題，但放射性廢棄物之處置，尤其是最終處置之成敗係一
關鍵所在，不論將來是否要執行非核家園的政策，我國國內的放射性廢棄物均需妥善處理。而目
前我國就放射性廢棄物之處置，除了貯存於核能電廠與核能研究所外，亦有部分存放於蘭嶼貯存
場，引起離島原住民之權益保障、環境正義之維護、程序正當性以及核能安全等討論。以上問題
除了值得深思以外，更是目前我國放射性廢棄物最終處置選址上企待解決而極為複雜之問題，有
待我國透過法制化來建立制度，冀望能夠減低抗爭以避免重蹈過去蘭嶼貯存場所產生衝突之覆轍。

正因人類為追求生活更加之便利，對於能源科技之探索與研究勢必持續發展，然而不能忽略
的是，面對伴隨而生之環境問題以及制度設計上所可能遭遇之困境，人類應如何調和與環境間之
共存關係並取的平衡，若不及早正視，可能會發生不堪設想之後果。是以，為防患於未然，對於
放射性廢棄物最終處置場址選址以及處置設施之設立、營運、廢止等如此複雜而攸關重大公益之
問題，其解決辦法或決定勢必得交由各方積極參與、討論，一同型塑而成。而本文亦期望能藉由
多階段行政程序之角度作觀察，或許能夠嘗試解決放射性廢棄物處置各階段應如何為決定以及各
階段間之關係，並兼顧保護人民權利救濟之想法。另外透過外國相關法制之比較，或許亦能找出
現行放射性廢棄物最終處置之相關法制下之盲點所在，透過一連串之思辯過程，能對多階段行政
程序之概念有更進一步的理解，並且能使我國放射性廢棄物處置之程序設計邁向正確的道路。

關鍵字

多階段行政程序 ； 放射性廢棄物 ； 最終處置

並列摘要

ABSTRACT

Study of Multi-stage Administrative Procedure: Focused on Final Disposal Procedure of Radioactive Waste
by
HUNG, LI-CHI
July 2015

ADVISOR(S)：Dr. CHANG, HUEI-TUNG
DEPARTMENT：DEPARTMENT OF LAW
MAJOR：PUBLIC LAW
DEGREE：MASTER OF LAWS

In the modern society featured by information explosion and rapid change of all things, the need of people increases and State missions become diverse. It’s hard to image that only one agency deals with one single affair at one time. Thus, the phenomenon of multi-agency, multi-process, and multi-disposition has become one of the characteristics of the pluralistic society. It’s helpful for administrative tasks, but also generates lots of problems relevant to the rights and obligations of legal relations, such as the distinction between legal concepts and the right to relief. These problems are under intense debate both in practice and doctrine.

Meanwhile, the current operation of nuclear power plants in the country produce lots of nuclear waste, and how to resettle these radioactive waste has already caused considerable controversy. Facing with the current status of radioactive waste management such as problems concern nuclear safety regulation, radiation protection, radiation detection and other environmental issues, final disposal of radioactive waste is of most importance. Regardless of whether to adopt the policy of non-nuclear homeland, our Country's radioactive waste required to be properly handled. In addition to the storage at nuclear power plants and the Nuclear Energy Institute, radioactive waste of Taiwan are also partly stored in Lanyu. The fact causes discussions concerning aboriginal interests, maintenance of environmental justice, due process, and nuclear safety. The questions above are worth pondering, it is the opinion of this thesis that establishment of legal system in Taiwan may be able to reduce such struggle and to avoid such conflict as Lanyu storage site in the future.

As a precaution, the establishment, operations and abolishment on final disposal facility of radioactive waste, which are so complex and involve with public interests, solutions and discussions should be participated by the parties. This thesis also expect to observe from the viewpoint of multi-stage administrative procedures, and to find out how the decision were made between various stages of disposal of radioactive waste and how to protect people's rights of relief. In addition, through the comparison of foreign-related legal system, to discover the blind spot under the current relevant legal final disposal of radioactive waste might be possible. Through a series of speculative process, this thesis expects that there is a better understanding on the concept of multi-stage administrative procedures, and help to make programming of the disposal of radioactive waste towards the right path.

並列關鍵字

Final Disposal ； Radioactive Waste ； Multi-stage Administrative Procedure

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