台灣中高齡者對政府提供長期照護偏好之初討

The Exploration of Preferences for Long-term Care Provided by Government－The Case of the Middle-aged and Elderly in Taiwan

賴慧菁(HUEI-JING LAI)

指導教授 ： 彭祐宜

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/財政學系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

近年來臺灣人口老化迅速、家庭結構改變，導致家庭成員提供高齡者照顧資源減少、長照需求逐年增加。因此本研究探討中高齡者長期照護偏好之影響因素，從而提出具體建議方針以延緩老化、慢性病發生，並提供符合高齡者長照服務。

本研究採用Odered probit 實證方法，探討我國50〜64歲及65歲以上高齡者對政府提供長期照護偏好之影響因素，並以91年及94年兩年度「臺閩地區老人狀況調查」的資料進行分析。

研究結果發現，50〜64歲中高齡者隨年紀增加，中高齡者有較低長照偏好，而自評健康愈佳、家庭結構為主幹家戶、子女數愈多、生活費用有點不夠用的中高齡者也有較低偏好，但女性、高教育程度、區域為偏鄉地區、職業、參與社會活動愈多中高齡者有較高偏好。而65歲以上高齡者亦發現年紀愈大高齡者有較低長照需求，而自評健康愈佳、家庭結構為主幹家戶、子女數愈多、女性有較低長照需求，但生活起居有困難、高教育程度、偏鄉地區、職業、家庭結構為單人、其他及養護家戶、生活費用為不夠用、參與社會活動愈多、生活滿意為不太滿意及很不滿意的高齡者則有較高需求。根據上述情形，建議政府應持續努力加強現有不足之處，本研究因兩年度問卷設計略有不同，故無法進行一致性及完整分析及比較，若議題未來延伸探討，可使用最新「103－104年度國民長照照護需要調查」資料庫，以更精確掌握我國長照需求。

關鍵字

Odered probit模型 ； 長照需求 ； 家庭結構 ； 高齡化

並列摘要

In recent years, due to the acceleration of population aging and the changes of family structure, self-sufficient resources for caring elder people in individual families have decreased and the need for long-term care has been increasing annually. Thus, this study aims to explore the influential factors in middle-aged and elder people’s preference to long-term care, further proposing concrete guidelines to decelerate aging, prevent chronic diseases, and provide long-term care service for elder people.

In this study, an empirical methodology based on Ordered probit model is adopted to explore the influential factors in middle aged (50~64) and elder (above 65) people’s preference to long-term care provided by the government in Taiwan. The data are extracted from the 2002 and 2005 Report of the Senior Citizen Condition Surveys.

The results of this study indicate that the following groups of the middle-aged (50~64) have lower preference to long-term care: the older people, people who have higher self-evaluation of their health condition, people in stem families, people who have more children, and people who have insufficient fee for living cost. On the contrary, the middle-aged groups that have higher preference to long-term care include: the female, people with higher education, people living in relatively remote areas, people with occupations, and people who participate in more social activities. In the case of the elder above 65, the older people, the female, people with higher self-evaluation of their health condition, people from stem families, and those who have more children, also show lower preference to long-term care. However, the following groups of the elder show higher preference: people who have difficulties in daily living, people with higher education, people living in relatively remote areas, people with occupations, people living alone or other and rehabilitation service at home, people who have insufficient maintenance fee, people who participate in more social activities, and people who are not satisfied with their living conditions. With the outcome of this study, the government is advised to improve the present defects in its long-term care scheme. Since the 2002 and 2005 Surveys adopt different designs of questionnaires, this study might not be able to present a wholly consistent and comprehensive analysis. For further research to extend the discussion of this issue, Citizen Long-term Care Needs Survey, 2014-2015 offers the newest data that summarizes the need for long-term care service in Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Ordered probit models ； long-term care ； family structure ； Population aging

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