車輛環場監控於嵌入式系統實作

Embedded System Implementation For Vehicle Around View Monitoring

羅婉禎(Wan-Jhen Luo)

指導教授 ： 林道通

國立臺北大學/電機資訊學院/資訊工程學系/碩士(2015年)

摘要

近幾年車輛安全月來越受到人們的重視，其中車輛智慧監控系統為近期發展的重點。隨著各式各樣的監控系統技術逐漸成熟，人們將研究方向延伸到了行車安全監控系統。在眾多車輛監控系統中，360度環場影像監控為目前首要發展目標。本研究提出了一個方法來建立360度環場鳥瞰監控系統；此方法包含了魚眼攝影機支校正、鳥瞰視角轉換及環場影像縫合，並將此環場影像監控系統移植至Android嵌入式系統因其具有低成本及攜帶性佳等特性。為了增進系統計算效能，將前述過程結合成一個步驟並建立一個座標參照表；並且利用多執行緒技術加速執行速度。經過硬體實作與實驗評估，我們所提出的環車監控系統能滿意地達到12fps的即時影片輸出效能，並且平均誤差率只有2.89像素。近年來，車輛安全監控技術正快速發展，本方法能夠幫助駕駛人更清晰地了解車輛周圍環境，如此一來，某些因盲點導致的車輛碰撞意外即可避免，舉例來說，一位駕駛在打開車門的同時並未發現有一輛機車正巧接近，而導致意外的發生。本文所提出的系統可以架設在車輛上以避免碰撞意外的發生以降低行車事故發生率並提升交通安全性。

關鍵字

鳥瞰視角 ； 嵌入式系統 ； 環場監控

並列摘要

Traffic safety has become a priority in recent years, and therefore, the field of intelligent transportation surveillance systems has become a major field of research. Among vehicle surveillance systems, the 360° around view monitor (AVM) system is regarded as the development direction recently. In this paper, an approach to constructing a 360° bird's-eye-view around view monitor system is proposed; the approach involves rectifying four fisheye cameras and stitching together the four calibrated images obtained from the cameras into one surrounding view image on a low-cost and high portability Android embedded system. To improve the computation performance, the aforementioned procedures are combined into a single step construction mapping using table lookup mechanism and multithreading technique. Through hardware implementation and experiments evaluation, the proposed AVM system performs satisfactorily with surrounding view video output frame rate 12 fps and the average matching error is as low as 2.89 pixel.

並列關鍵字

Bird's-Eye View ； Embedded System ； AVM

參考文獻

[2] Philip Koopman. Embedded system security. Computer, 37(7):95~97, 2004.

[3] Dean M Tullsen, Susan J Eggers, and Henry M Levy. Simultaneous multithreading: Maximizing on-chip parallelism. In ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, volume 23, pages 392~403. ACM, 1995.

[6] Carlos Ricolfe-Viala, Antonio-Jose Sanchez-Salmeron, et al. Lens distortion models evaluation. Applied Optics, 49(30):5914~5928, 2010.

[7] Haijiang Zhu, Xuejing Wang, and Chong Yi. An elliptical function model for sheye camera correction. In Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA), 2011 9th World Congress on, pages 248~253. IEEE, 2011.

[8] Frederic Devernay and Olivier Faugeras. Straight lines have to be straight. Machine vision and applications, 13(1):14~24, 2001.