- 學位論文
開發行為對水庫集水區水質水量之影響評估 ―以重大交通工程對翡翠水庫之影響為例
An Aggregative Assessment of Environmental Impacts on Reservoir Catchments Imposed by Public Construction Projects – A Case Study on Feitsui Reservoir
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摘要
臺灣屬於海島型氣候，儘管年降雨量高達2,500公釐，但由於地形、地勢及氣候之影響，水資源的管理與調配問題仍層出不窮，而水庫為臺灣各地區之主要供水來源，因此維持水庫之穩定供水為臺灣一直以來極其重要之議題。翡翠水庫位於臺灣北部，主流為新店溪，支流為北勢溪，為臺灣北區最大之水庫，供應大臺北地區民眾之民生用水，水庫功能包括給水、發電、防洪等多目標營運，是臺北最重要之水資源。 環境影響評估法於1994年公布，其規定各種開發行為在規劃階段，應同時考量環境因素，不合乎規定者則不得開發，以達環境保護及永續發展之目的。交通部於2013年提出了「北宜直線鐵路三路線方案」，以期縮短由臺北至宜蘭之鐵路與客運時間，同時舒緩周遭相關道路交通壅塞問題。惟該開發行為規劃之路線中有部分方案行經翡翠水庫集水區，勢必將對該水源保護區等環境敏感區位造成程度不一之影響，因此此等開發行為依法須先進行環境影響評估。 本研究擬由「受體」（受影響者）之角度出發，以交通建設開發所引發之環境影響為緣由，透過蒐集、彙整翡翠水庫集水區域內水質、水量以及淤積量等監測資料之時間序列變化，分析及判斷其可能影響翡翠水庫集水區環境之直接與潛在衝擊因子。並利用集水區水質模式，評析位經翡翠水庫集水區之交通建設開發現況與規劃中之方案，檢討集水區受交通工程影響之進流量與水質變化趨勢，以進一步了解翡翠水庫集水區受前述規劃中開發行為之影響及危害程度。 本研究以BASINS/HSPF模式，以北宜直鐵新方案一開發作為情境假設，並以2010年至2012年作為模擬期距，針對開發前後的流量與懸浮固體模擬結果進行比較。由模式驗證結果顯示模擬結果良好，模擬交通建設開發前（2010年、2011年、2012年）之年平均流量分別為6314.66 CMS、7249.11 CMS及5068.72 CMS，開發後之年平均流量為3624.56 CMS、4445.75 CMS及4615.65 CMS，可知模擬開發後之年平均流量皆低於開發前，判斷其原因可能為交通建設行為造成地層破壞，進而影響地下水層，甚至造成湧水問題，導致水庫進流量降低；而水質模擬結果懸浮固體SS全年最大值於開發前後，除了2011年模擬之開發後SS最大值(50.1 mg/L)高於開發前之最大值(44.6 mg/L)，2010年及2012年之最大值皆為開發後低於開發前，但其變化差異皆並不明顯，本研究以質量平衡之觀念，判斷其原因可能為模擬開發後之流量減少，因此水中所夾帶之懸浮微粒亦減少之關係。另一個可能原因為本研究之情境假設僅考量北宜直鐵新方案一之行經路線其地表改變，並未考量開發行為之隧道開挖、施工法等因素，故無法明確由模擬結果之數據得知交通開發行為對於水庫集水區之地形地質地破壞及影響程度。
並列摘要
Taiwan belongs to subtropical climate, and the average annual rainfall is almost to 2,500 mm, but due to the topography, terrain and climate, it’s still many problems about the water resource management and distribution. Reservoirs are the major water supply facilities in Taiwan, and keeping good status of reservoirs operation is has been the great object for Taiwan. Feitsui Reservoir, with Xindian River as primary flow and Beishi River as secondary flow, serves as the greatest reservoir and is the primary resource of drinking water for Taipei metropolitan area. The functions of Feitsui Reservoir which is multiple targets operational are water supplying, electricity generation and flood prevention. Taiwan government promulgated the environment impact assessment in 1994. The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision-makers consider environmental impacts before deciding whether to proceed with new projects. To achieve the goal of environmental protection and sustainable development, those who don’t follow the assessment won’t allow implementing the development activity. In order to shorten the time of communication between Taipei and Yilan as well as solve the surrounding traffic congestion problem, Ministry of Transportation and Communications R.O.C. proposed a project called “Taipei-Yilan Straight Railway Project” that includes three routes in 2013. According to the environmental protection law, the project requires to hold an environmental impact assessment in advance. Yet, part of the planning routes which pass through Feitsui Reservoir catchments, could cause different extent of effects to the water source protection areas and other environmentally sensitive areas. In this study, the viewpoint is from the "receptor" (the affected). Because of the environmental influence which is by traffic constructions development activities through collecting, compiling the monitoring information about the quality of water, water quantity, and sedimentation volume through the changing of time, by analyzing and judging the direct and potential impact factors of influential possibility to Feitsui Reservoir catchments. Then, in order to understand more about the extent of effect by the development actions of Feitsui Reservoir catchments, the study used BASINS/HSPF model and reviewed the impact of the flow, sedimentation volume and water quality pollutants of the catchments that are affected by the construction. The data for weather and precipitation from 2010 to 2012 were used to generate the BASINS/HSPF. In the scenario of Taipei-Yilan Straight Railway Project I in this study, the results of the model showed that, the average flow from 2010 to 2012 is 6314.66 CMS, 7249.11 CMS and 5068.72 CMS, the maximum suspended solid is 50.1 mg/L in 2011. These results shows that the traffic constructions development activities cause critical impact on water flow, and the effect of suspended solid is less significant in the model results.
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