溫室氣體新興市場機制之交易成本經濟分析

The Economic Analysis of Transaction Costs on Greenhouse Gas Emerging Market Mechanisms

林益賢(Yi-Shian Lin)

指導教授 ： 李堅明

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/自然資源與環境管理研究所/碩士(2015年)

摘要

為因應京都機制高交易成本問題及擴大後京都全球減量能量，聯合國氣候變化綱要公約（United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, UNFCCC)刻正推動多元途徑架構 (Framework for Various Approaches, FVA)。日本政府是目前全球最積極推動FVA的國家，稱為聯合減量額度機制 (Joint Crediting Mechanism, JCM)，已獲得很大成效。爰此，本研究目的在於建立交易成本理論模型，探討不同交易成本下，比較JCM與CDM之減碳投資與減量潛力。獲得本研究成果如下：(1)簡化制度設計為國際趨勢，其中額外性檢定是關鍵流程；(2)影響廠商產量與減量投資的三個關鍵因子為，交易成本、碳價以及核配率，例如JCM因交易成本低，而減量潛力大於CDM；(3)本研究結果完全呼應Coggan et al.,(2013)所提出的概念，制度設計為影響交易成本的關鍵因子；(4) 本研究結果亦與McCann et al.,(2013)的研究有所應證，制度設計與交易成本為互相影響之概念，且分析出六項影響制度設計之因子。

關鍵字

新市場機制 ； 交易成本 ； 清潔發展機制 ； 多元途徑架構

並列摘要

To response to reducing high transaction cost of the Kyoto mechanism as well as to expanding the capacity of greenhouse gas mitigation around the world, the Framework for Various Approaches (FVA) was launched by the United Nations Framework Convention on Cliamte Change (UNFCCC) in 2013. The Japanese Government is the most active country who initiated the Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) under the concept of the FVA, it has been a great result. Therefore, the purpose of this research is created a transaction cost model, compares the mititgation investment and the mitigation potential between JCM and CDM under the different transaction cost. The main results are obtained as follows：(1)Simplify policy design is the trend, especially the additionality process; (2)The key factors of influence Manufacturer’s product and mitigation investment are transaction cost, carbon price, and issue rate, for example, because the transaction cost of the JCM is lower, so the mitigation potential of the JCM is higher; (3)This result is completely correspond to Coggan et al.,(2013), the policy design is the key factor of influence transaction cost; (4)This result is completely correspond to McCann et al.,(2013), the policy design and transaction cost will influence each other, and propose six factors of influence policy design.

並列關鍵字

New Market Mechanism ； Transaction Cost ； Clean Development Mechanism ； Framework for Various Approaches

參考文獻

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Anthea Coggan, Edwin Buitelaar, Stuart Whitten, Jeff Bennett. (2013). Factors that influence transaction costs in development offsets: Who bears what and why? Ecological Economics, 222-231.

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