- 學位論文
臺、越仲介越南勞工業者之經營手法
Vietnamese Labors and their Taiwanese and Vietnamese Broker
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摘要
近年來越南勞工來到臺灣工作人數愈來愈多，對臺灣勞動力的補充，及對兩國經濟成長的影響，均有重要貢獻。但是，在越南與臺灣兩國的人力仲介業者實際的經營手法以及其遵守兩國法規的差距，至目前為止，尚無具體研究。本研究目的是探討臺、越仲介越南勞工之實際經營手法以及與遵守法規的落差。 本研究透過訪問七位關係人（包含臺灣、越南仲介業者；合法、不當被對待之越籍勞工；臺灣籍雇主；民間組織等四大類），探討在臺的越南勞工與兩地的仲介業者或顧問的現況與問題。研究發現越南隨著輸出外國勞工人數愈來愈多，在農村鄉下與大城市的仲介業者之間出現了一種稱為「牛頭」的角色，他們通常是個人或小組，由大城市的仲介業者安排在鄉下、農村尋找適合且願意出國的勞工，收取利潤，但均由勞工間接支付。第二，各家越南仲介業者收費差異大，均超過政府規定的最高規費，公司利用各種名目收取費用，避開立收據或要求勞工分期支付，讓勞工不清楚繳交之總額。第三，越南仲介業者需要支付臺灣仲介業者各種費用，這些成本也由勞工自行負擔。另一方面，臺灣仲介業者定期對越南勞工收取服務費，大體符合規定，但外籍勞工遇到問題時，並沒有負起保護、協助之責。臺灣雇主經常要求勞工延長工時、從事與申請項目不符工作、甚至高污染或危險工作、管理過度嚴格，仲介業者為了保有與雇主良好關係，要求勞工配合不當的工作要求。臺灣經濟變動劇烈，越南勞工薪資常低於當時出國前的保證金額，導致越南勞工逃跑，從事收入較高且自由的工作。 本研究建議越南需要求仲介業者確實收費，且監督與處罰未遵守規範業者；對於臺灣仲介業者，若未能保障越南勞工權益，或給予不當工作、無法保障最低收入時，應有轉介其他工作之彈性作法與規定。 關鍵字：越南在臺勞工、人力仲介業者、牛頭、仲介費用
並列摘要
Vietnamese labors in Taiwan have increased every year. They are the important supplementary labor force to Taiwan, and make a significant contribution to the economic growth both to Taiwan and Vietnam. However, none or little is known about the labor brokers in both countries between their operation and law compliance. The purpose of this study is thus to analyze the gap and make recommendation to narrow the gap. The present study interviewed 7 subjects (legal and illegal Vietnamese labors in Taiwan, brokers/consultants in Taiwan and Vietnam, Taiwanese employers and an NGO social worker) and found out that a so-called “co moi-broker” emerged in Vietnam recently. The co moi-broker could be an individual or a team, who are stationed at the countryside or farmer village by the headquarters company of laborer agency as head hunters. Their commission is paid by the potential labors through the agency. Vietnamese agencies have to pay all the fees of expense and cost to Taiwanese agencies. The sum of fees usually go beyond the maximum amount which stipulated by the Vietnamese government. Almost every agency cooks the book to collect the fees from the job hunters without giving a receipt. What more they ask the job hunters pay back the loan with interest by the installment to confuse them how much money they owe. On the other hand, Taiwanese agencies monthly collect the service fee according to the stipulation of regulation but are seldom to provide services or assistance to foreign labors in-need. It’s the obligation for them to protect and assist the foreigner labor but they often fail to do that. Some Taiwanese agencies intentionally ignore situations such as illegal prolong working hours, works unlisted in the working contracts, unsafe working environment, abuse or harsh treatment at work, but focus on maintaining good business relationships with employers and demanding workers to cope with the difficult working conditions. Further, economy depression in Taiwan makes foreign labors difficult to earn the wage they were promised when they signed their working contracts. Many Vietnamese labors were forced to run away to seek a job with more freedom and better wage. Two recommendations were made to improve the situation. For Vietnam government, they should highly supervise and sanction those agencies who deliberately fail to compile with regulations. For Taiwanese government, they should loosen the restrictions and take more flexible policy to allow labors to transfer their jobs once the illegal working conditions happen or the employers suffer from downwards business. Keywords : Vietnamese labors in Taiwan, labor brokers, co moi-brokers, brokerage fees
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